Morphologic analysis of stage 3 and stage 4 macular holes: Implications for treatment

Functional outcome and patient preferences following combined phaco-vitrectomy for macular hole without prone posturing

“…Modifications to the original procedure include the use of different tamponade agents such as gas or silicone oil, use of adjuncts such as autologus serum and fibrin, transforming growth factor beta, platelets, thrombin, and peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM). [2][3][4][5] Hole duration, stage, preoperative visual acuity, type of tamponade, or whether or not the ILM is peeled may be important predictors of success rate in macular hole surgery. 5 Today, practice differs widely in relation to whether or not ILM peeling is routinely undertaken as part of the procedure, the duration of gas tamponade, the use of and duration of patient positioning post-operatively, and whether or not cataract extraction is undertaken at the same time.…”

Persistent Subretinal Fluid After Successful Full-Thickness Macular Hole Surgery: Prognostic Factors, Morphological Features and Implications on Functional Recovery

“…Indeed, many authors refer to this finding as an outer retinal defect (ORD) [16,18,[22][23][24][25]. There is still controversy as to the precise impact of postoperative SRF in terms of final visual outcome.…”

Outcomes of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) versus perfluoroethane (C2F6) gas tamponade for non-posturing macular-hole surgery

“…This year, a meta-analysis of the literature was attempted, and it was deduced that currently there is insufficient evidence to allow firm conclusions as to whether face-down posturing influences hole-closure rates 16. Recent OCT studies have demonstrated macular-hole closure as soon as 1 day after surgery, thus questioning the role of prolonged posturing 17. A randomised control trial using SF 6 gas for macular holes less than 500 μm found no significant differences in anatomical and visual success rates in posturing versus non-posturing groups, a finding recently replicated by a group in Japan 18–20…”