Morphologic and Bony Structural Changes in the Mandible After a Unilateral Injection of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Adult Rats

Tsai, Cheng-Yu; Huang, Rouh Yi; Lee, Chi-Ming; Hsiao, Wen Tien; Yang, Liang

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2009.12.009

Cited by 41 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…16) Other reports found no change in BMD with a decline in mechanical stress. [18][19][20] In the present study, no significant differences were found in BMD between the occlusion and non-occlusion sides in either Al or Ba. This may be because measurements were taken in cortical bone 17,21) and no resorption had taken place in Al as no teeth were extracted.…”

Section: Bmdcontrasting

confidence: 72%

Relationship between Biological Apatite Alignment and Hemi-occlusion in Rabbit Mandibular Cortical bone

Ogai

Morioka

Matsunaga

et al. 2012

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biological apatite (BAp) crystallite c-axis alignment is known to one of the factor in mechanical function in bone. The purpose of this study was to investigate BAp crystallite alignment as a potential factor in the evaluation of bone strength in clinical practice by evaluating the relationship between BAp alignment and bone mineral density (BMD) using an experimental hemi-occlusion model in rabbit mandibular cortical bone.A higher degree of BAp crystallite c-axis alignment was observed in the mesiodistal direction on the nonocclusion than on the occlusion side in the alveolar area, a tendency that was not seen in the base of the mandible. No significant differences were observed in BMD between the alveolar area and the base of the mandible or between the occlusion and non-occlusion sides. No correlation was observed between BAp crystallite alignment and BMD.These results demonstrate that removal of occlusal force caused change in BAp crystallite alignment in the alveolar area in mandibular cortical bone. This indicates the importance of evaluating BAp crystallite alignment in addition to BMD in clinical practice. Moreover, clarification of BAp crystallite alignment in the jawbone would allow direction of occlusal load to be taken into account in orthodontic treatment involving tooth alignment.

show abstract

Section: Bmdcontrasting

confidence: 72%

Relationship between Biological Apatite Alignment and Hemi-occlusion in Rabbit Mandibular Cortical bone

Ogai

Morioka

Matsunaga

et al. 2012

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When we measured mass at 4 weeks, it was about 20% less than control values (Table 1). This moderate reduction in muscle mass falls within the 6%-40% range calculated from studies on rat masseter [20, 21] and mouse hindlimb [25], and as in these other studies may reflect edema, fibrosis or fat deposition [4, 45]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Because all rabbits received the same daily ration, no difference in weight would be expected even if BTX harmed food intake, which is unlikely based on previous studies [21, 23]. Somewhat more surprising is that chewing was so little altered by a treatment that dramatically diminished the EMG and force of one of the largest muscles of mastication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Botulinum toxin in masticatory muscles: Short- and long-term effects on muscle, bone, and craniofacial function in adult rabbits

Rafferty¹,

Liu²,

Ye³

et al. 2012

Bone

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Paralysis of the masticatory muscles using botulinum toxin (BTX) is a common treatment for cosmetic reduction of the masseters as well as for conditions involving muscle spasm and pain. The effects of this treatment on mastication have not been evaluated, and claims that the treatment unloads the jaw joint and mandible have not been validated. If BTX treatment does decrease mandibular loading, osteopenia might ensue as an adverse result. Rabbits received a single dose of BTX or saline into one randomly chosen masseter muscle and were followed for 4 or 12 weeks. Masticatory muscle activity was assessed weekly, and incisor bite force elicited by stimulation of each masseter was measured periodically. At the endpoint, strain gages were installed on the neck of the mandibular condyle and on the molar area of the mandible for in vivo bone strain recording during mastication and muscle stimulation. After termination, muscles were weighed and mandibular segments were scanned with micro CT. BTX paralysis of one masseter did not alter chewing side or rate, in part because of compensation by the medial pterygoid muscle. Masseter-induced bite force was dramatically decreased. Analysis of bone strain data suggested that at 4 weeks, the mandibular condyle of the BTX-injected side was underloaded, as were both sides of the molar area. Bone quantity and quality were severely decreased specifically at these underloaded locations, especially the injection-side condylar head. At 12 weeks, most functional parameters were near their pre-injection levels, but the injected masseter still exhibited atrophy and percent bone area was still low in the condylar head. In conclusion, although the performance of mastication was only minimally harmed by BTX paralysis of the masseter, the resulting underloading was sufficient to cause notable and persistent bone loss, particularly at the temporomandibular joint.

show abstract

“…BoNT/A treatment of the masseter reduces muscle force and indeed has been used for that purpose after condylar fracture. 10,11 However, loss of muscle force typically leads to rapid loss of bone mass in the mandible 12 as well as in limb bones. 13,14 Radiologically, the mandibular condyle is strongly affected by administration of BoNT/A to the masseter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone and cartilage changes in rabbit mandibular condyles after 1 injection of botulinum toxin

Matthys

Dang

Rafferty

et al. 2015

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Temporary paralysis of the masseter muscle using botulinum toxin is a common treatment for temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, and muscle hypertrophy. Loss of masseter force is associated with decreased mandibular mineral density. Our objectives were (1) to establish whether bone loss at the mandibular condyle is regionally specific, and (2) to ascertain whether the treatment affects the condylar cartilage. Methods Young adult female rabbits received a unilateral masseter injection of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A, n=31), saline (n=19) or no injection (n=3) and were also injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a replication marker. Termination occurred 4 or 12 weeks following treatment. Condyles were processed by paraffin histology. Cortical thickness, cartilage thickness and trabecular bone areal density were measured, and replicating cells were counted after BrdU reaction. Results BoNT/A rabbits exhibited a high frequency of defects in the condylar bone surface, occurring equally on injected and uninjected sides. Bone loss was seen only on the side of the BoNT/A injection. Cortical as well as trabecular bone was severely affected. The midcondylar region lost the most bone. Recovery at 12 weeks was insignificant. Condylar cartilage thickness showed no treatment effect but did increase with time. Numbers of proliferating cells were similar in treatment groups, but BoNT/A animals showed more side asymmetry in association with the condylar defects. Conclusion Bone loss may be a risk factor for the use of botulinum toxin in jaw muscles.

show abstract

Morphologic and Bony Structural Changes in the Mandible After a Unilateral Injection of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Adult Rats

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

Relationship between Biological Apatite Alignment and Hemi-occlusion in Rabbit Mandibular Cortical bone

Relationship between Biological Apatite Alignment and Hemi-occlusion in Rabbit Mandibular Cortical bone

Botulinum toxin in masticatory muscles: Short- and long-term effects on muscle, bone, and craniofacial function in adult rabbits

Bone and cartilage changes in rabbit mandibular condyles after 1 injection of botulinum toxin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About