Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)

Casal, Ana; Orós, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.07.017

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In contrast, in Hermann's tortoises Testudo hermananni when lithium heparin was used for collecting blood, no thrombocyte aggregation was reported (Muro et al, 1998). On the other hand, in blood smears C. caretta performed with blood collected without anticoagulant has been also reported tendency to thrombocytes aggregation (Casal & Orós, 2007). Estimation of total WBC and TT has been widely used for reptilian species yet it does not provide absolute counts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological limitations of counting total leukocytes and thrombocytes in reptiles (Amazon turtle, Podocnemis expansa): an analysis and discussion

2008

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The aim of this paper is to compare three different methods for counting white blood cells [WBC] (Natt and Herrick method, estimation with 1,000 and 2,000 erythrocytes) and three methods for counting total thrombocytes [TT] (Wojtaszek method, estimation with 1,000 and 2,000 erythrocytes) in a South American freshwater turtle species, Podocnemis expansa, Schweigger 1812 (Reptilia, Pelomedusidae). Direct WBC counts using the Natt and Herrick method showed limitations, which are discussed here. The WBC and TT counts using 1,000 erythrocytes from blood smears are not recommended for Amazon turtles nor other reptilian species, since wide variation in counts can be observed. Estimation methods for determining WBC and TT based on 2,000 erythrocytes of blood smears were most acceptable because they allow a differentiation between leukocytes and thrombocytes and also had a smaller variation. The methods investigated here for the Amazon turtle, which have been widely used in other reptile species, provided evidence that the most acceptable method is not that of using diluted stains and a hemocytometer.KEYWORDS: Amazon turtles, Blood, leukocytes, Podocnemis expansa, Thrombocytes. Limitações metodológicas de contagens de leucócitos e trombócitos totais em répteis (tartaruga da Amazônia, Podocnemis expansa): uma análise e discussão RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi comparar três diferentes métodos para contar leucócitos totais [LT] (método de Natt & Herrick, de estimação em 1000 e 2000 eritrócitos) e três métodos para contar trombócitos totais [TT] ( método de Wojtaszek, de estimação em 1000 e 2000 eritrócitos) em uma espécie de tartaruga de água doce da América do Sul, Podocnemis expansa, Schweigger 1812 (Reptilia, Pelomedusidae). As contagens diretas de LT usando o método de Natt & Herrick mostraram limitações que são aqui discutidas. As contagens de LT e TT usando estimativa em 1000 eritrócitos na extensão sanguínea não são recomendadas para tartaruga-da-Amazônia nem para outras espécies de répteis, pois houve ampla variação nestas contagens. Os métodos para determinar LT e TT baseados em 2000 eritrócitos nas extensões sanguíneas foram mais aceitáveis porque eles permitem uma diferenciação entre leucócitos e trombócitos, além disso, teve uma variação menor. Os métodos aqui investigados para tartaruga-da-Amazônia, os quais são amplamente usados em outras espécies de répteis, proveram evidências de que o método mais aceitável não é o que usa corantes diluentes e um hemocitômetro.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological limitations of counting total leukocytes and thrombocytes in reptiles (Amazon turtle, Podocnemis expansa): an analysis and discussion

2008

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“…Total WBC counts were determined as the frequency of WBCs per 1,000 erythrocytes that were randomly observed on each slide (Lajmanovich et al 2005). Differential WBC counts were determined by counting 200 WBCs and recording proportions of lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, and heterophil (Casal and Orós 2007). The ratio of the number of heterophils to the number of lymphocytes (HL ratio), which has been suggested as an indicator of contaminant exposure in avian species, was calculated (Grasman 2002).…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal accumulation and evaluation of effects in a freshwater turtle

Halbrook

Sparling

et al. 2011

Ecotoxicology

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A variety of contaminants have been detected in aquatic and terrestrial environments around the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP), Kentucky. The presence of these contaminants at the PGDP may pose a risk to biota, yet little is known about the bioaccumulation of contaminants and associated effects in wildlife, especially in aquatic turtles. The current study was initiated to evaluate: (1) the accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Hg) in aquatic ecosystems associated with the PGDP using red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) as biomonitors; (2) maternal transfer of heavy metals; and (3) potential hematological and immunological effects resulting from metal accumulation. A total of 26 turtles were collected from 7 ponds located south, adjacent, and north of the PGDP. Liver Cu concentrations were significantly different among ponds and Cu concentrations in eggs were positively correlated with female Cu concentrations in kidney. The concentrations of heavy metals measured in turtle tissues and eggs were low and, based on previous studies of reptiles and established avian threshold levels of heavy metals, did not appear to have adverse effects on aquatic turtles inhabiting ponds near the PGDP. However, total white blood cell counts, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, and phytohemagglutinin stimulation index were correlated with metal concentrations. Because other factors may affect the hematological and immunological indices, further investigation is needed to determine if these effects are associated with metal exposure, other contaminants, or disease.

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“…De acordo com Pires & Guimarães (2006), Casal & Orós (2007) e Oliveira-Júnior et al (2009), variações laboratoriais são relatadas em diferentes espécies de tartarugas devido a alguns fatores tais como a qualidade do ambiente aquático, localização geográfica, variação genética, estado nutricional, sexo e idade. Os valores de referência estabelecidos para os parâmetros bioquímicos de P. expansa neste estudo são apresentados no Quadro 1.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Avaliação de parâmetros bioquímicos séricos em Tartarugas-da-Amazônia (Podocnemis expansa) mantidas em cativeiro

et al. 2016

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RESUMO: Amostras de sangue de Tartaruga-da-Amazônia mantidas em cativeiro foram analisadas com o propósito de avaliar os constituintes bioquímicos séricos e de relacionar ao que já foi relatado por outros pesquisadores, além de gerar mais informações, tendo em vista a escassez de dados envolvendo a espécie estudada. Foram utilizados 35 animais, com idade entre 3 e 7 meses, os quais foram contidos fisicamente para coleta de sangue em tubo sem anticoagulante. As análises bioquímicas foram processadas através de métodos cinéticos (enzimas) e colorimétricos (demais análises), e os valores médios obtidos foram: cálcio 7,0±1,9mg/dL, fóforo 2,8±1,2mg/dL, ácido úrico 1,8±0,8mg/dL, uréia 10,4±3,9mg/dL, alanina aminotransferase (AST) 75,5±33,6 UI/L, proteína total 1,9±0,8g/dL, triglicerídeos 22,9±9,8mg/dL e colesterol 45,3±19,7mg/dL. Observou-se que os valores dos componentes séricos avaliados assemelham-se aos que foram encontrados por outros pesquisadores em estudos bioquímicos séricos com Podocnemis expansa e outras tartarugas de água doce. Importante ressaltar que, no decorrer deste estudo observou-se a escassez de dados publicados sobre parâmetros sanguíneos de tartarugas do gênero Podocnemis, especialmente a espécie Podocnemis expansa, o que corroborou a alta relevância do desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas que envolvam a questão.

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Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)

Cited by 53 publications

References 13 publications

Methodological limitations of counting total leukocytes and thrombocytes in reptiles (Amazon turtle, Podocnemis expansa): an analysis and discussion

Methodological limitations of counting total leukocytes and thrombocytes in reptiles (Amazon turtle, Podocnemis expansa): an analysis and discussion

Metal accumulation and evaluation of effects in a freshwater turtle

Avaliação de parâmetros bioquímicos séricos em Tartarugas-da-Amazônia (Podocnemis expansa) mantidas em cativeiro

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