Morphologic and Cytochemical Characteristics of Childhood Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Behm, Frederick G.

doi:10.1016/s0889-8588(18)30465-9

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…According to FAB classification; three subtypes of ALL are distinguished on basis of cell size, nuclear chromatin and shape, number and prominence of nucleoli, and relative amount and appearance of the cytoplasm [22]. FAB subtypes of ALL are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Classification (1) French-american-british (Fab) Classificatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of CD95 in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) in Egyptian Children before and after Treatment

Hanna¹

2015

J Blood Disord Transfus

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disorder common among children. Apoptosis is a morphological process that leads to controlled cellular self-destruction and defective apoptotic pathways are greatly involved in tumor formation, progression, and metastasis. Apoptosis is the primary mechanism through which most chemotherapeutic agents induce tumor cell death. The purpose of this study was to monitor the expression of pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins CD 95 and Bcl-2 as well as copper and zinc levels in the peripheral blood of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia prior to, and six months after starting chemotherapy. The study was performed on twenty five children attending the outpatient clinic of the National Cancer Institute-Cairo University. Ten normal children were included in the study and considered as control group. Results showed that Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) and bone marrow blast count were significantly higher in ALL children than controls while after treatment TLC was normalized whereas bone marrow blast count was significantly decreased, hemoglobin and platelet count were significantly decreased when compared to controls while significantly increased after treatment. CD 95 % was significantly decreased before treatment relative to controls while it was significantly increased after treatment whereas Bcl-2 concentration showed significant increase before treatment compared to controls while it was significantly decreased after treatment. Serum Cu level showed significant increase in ALL cases at presentation compared to controls while it was not significantly changed after treatment. Serum Zn level was significantly decreased before treatment compared to controls while it was normalized after treatment. Cu/Zn was significantly higher in newly diagnosed ALL children than controls while it showed significant decrease after treatment. Negative significant correlation was found between CD 95 % and Bcl-2 on one hand and between serum Cu and Zn levels on the other hand. It could be concluded that CD 95 % and Bcl-2 might be useful diagnostic markers not only in the diagnosis but also in the follow up of ALL cases.

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Section: Classification (1) French-american-british (Fab) Classificatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of CD95 in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) in Egyptian Children before and after Treatment

Hanna¹

2015

J Blood Disord Transfus

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“…The morphological categories L1-L3 -originally suggested by the FAB group -are no longer of clinical importance except for the L3 subtype [1,13,134]. Even in cases displaying the L3 morphology with relatively uniform blasts having intensively basophilic cytoplasm and sharply defined, fatcontaining vacuoles, the cytogenetic result, the t(8; 14) or its variants, and the immunophenotyping should be taken into consideration for a definite diagnosis of L3type Burkitt cell leukaemia.…”

Section: The Fab-classification Of Allmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunophenotyping of Acute Leukaemias. Immunophänotypisierung akuter Leukämien

Benter¹,

Ratei²,

Wd³

2001

LaboratoriumsMedizin

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For nearly 100 years the classification of blood cells and the diagnosis of leukaemia have been based on cytomorphological features after staining. Even in the era of molecular biology this is still essential. Therapy of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is mostly dependent on the interpretation of the morphological appearance of blasts under the microscope. Cytomorphology should also lead to a rational use of techniques like immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, fluorescence / situ hybridisation (FISH), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).In the past two decades, the impact of immunophenotyping by flow cytometry in the diagnosis and management of acute leukaemia has expanded rapidly. This has been mainly attributed to significant advances in laser and computer technologies and the production of several hundred monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) to a variety of antinens expressed by haematopoietic cells.This review concentrates on immunophenotyping of cells from patients with acute leukaemia and shows the clinical impact on diagnostics and treatment.

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“…In most cases, the first two facets of the diagnosis of acute leukemia can be achieved by careful morphological assessment of blood and bone marrow smears and marrow trephine biopsy sections. The usual cytologic features of AML and ALL are listed in Table 1 (1,2 ). By assessing these morphologic features together, a majority of cases of AML and ALL can be accurately diagnosed (Figs.…”

Section: Morphology and Cytochemistry In The Diagnosis Of Acute Leukemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases of poorly differentiated acute leukemia, however, the morphologic features may be equivocal, requiring additional studies. Cytochemical stains often are useful in distinguishing poorly differentiated AML from ALL and in identifying subsets of AML (1,2 ). Table 2 shows the cytochemical profiles of acute leukemias for the most commonly applied cytochemical stains.…”

Section: Morphology and Cytochemistry In The Diagnosis Of Acute Leukemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaceted Approach to the Diagnosis and Classification of Acute Leukemias

McKenna¹

2000

Clinical Chemistry

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Until recently, the diagnosis and classification of acute myeloid (AML) and acute lymphoblastic (ALL) leukemias was based almost exclusively on well-defined morphologic criteria and cytochemical stains. Although most cases can be diagnosed by these methods, there is only modest correlation between morphologic categories and treatment responsiveness and prognosis. The expansion of therapeutic options and improvement in remission induction and disease-free survival for both AML and ALL have stimulated emphasis on defining good and poor treatment response groups. This is most effectively accomplished by a multifaceted approach to diagnosis and classification using immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular analysis in addition to the traditional methods. Immunophenotyping is important in characterizing morphologically poorly differentiated acute leukemias and in defining prognostic categories of ALL. Cytogenetic and molecular studies provide important prognostic information and are becoming vitally important in determining the appropriate treatment protocol. With optimal application of these techniques in the diagnosis of acute leukemias, treatment strategies can be more specifically directed and new therapeutic approaches can be evaluated more effectively.

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Morphologic and Cytochemical Characteristics of Childhood Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Cited by 10 publications

References 120 publications

Expression of CD95 in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) in Egyptian Children before and after Treatment

Expression of CD95 in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) in Egyptian Children before and after Treatment

Immunophenotyping of Acute Leukaemias. Immunophänotypisierung akuter Leukämien

Multifaceted Approach to the Diagnosis and Classification of Acute Leukemias

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