Morphologic and Morphometric Studies of Muscle in Idiopathic Scoliosis

Sahgal, Vinod; Shah, Amrik; Flanagan, Norton; Schäffer, Michael; Kane, William J.; Subramani, Venka; Singh, Hitendra Prakash

doi:10.3109/17453678308996564

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In an experimental study in rabbits, electrical stimulation of paravertebral and intercostal muscles resulted in simultaneous 3D deformity of the spine [44]. Moreover, the results of some clinical studies suggest that the etiology of IS may be associated with a generalised muscular disorder [11,24,48]. However, these studies do not provide evidence as to whether the origin of the deformity is either neural or muscular.…”

Section: Answersmentioning

confidence: 70%

A new concept for the etiopathogenesis of the thoracospinal deformity of idiopathic scoliosis: summary of an electronic focus group debate of the IBSE

2003

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Section: Answersmentioning

confidence: 70%

A new concept for the etiopathogenesis of the thoracospinal deformity of idiopathic scoliosis: summary of an electronic focus group debate of the IBSE

2003

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“…Idiopathic scoliosis has also been associated with muscular imbalance [9,10,21] and it has been suggested that certain generalized neuromuscular disorders can result in IS [30] and that IS could even be considered a primary muscle disease [22]. It has also been suggested that an altered function of cortical central nervous system structures may play an important role in the aetiology of this condition [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rib-vertebral angle asymmetry in idiopathic, neuromuscular and experimentally induced scoliosis

Sevastik¹,

Xiong²,

Sevastik³

et al. 1997

Eur Spine J

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The concave and convex rib-vertebral angle (RVA) at levels T2-T12 was measured on AP radiographs of 19 patients with right convex idiopathic thoracic scoliosis and 10 patients with major thoracic right convex neuromuscular scoliosis. The difference between the angles on the concave and the convex sides, the RVAD, was calculated. The RVAs were also measured on radiographs from three animal groups in which spinal curves had been induced experimentally in a variety of ways. Group 1 comprised 16 rabbits that had been subjected to selective electrostimulation of the latissimus dorsi, the erector spinae and the intercostal muscles. Group 2 comprised four dead rabbits whose spines had been subjected to manual bending. Group 3 comprised eight rabbits that had undergone mechanical elongation of one rib. In both the idiopathic and the neuromuscular group, the convex RVA was smaller than the concave RVA between levels T2 and T8, with a maximal difference between T4 to T5. From T9 to T12 the concave RVA was smaller than the convex. The RVA in relation to the scoliotic segment, i.e. the apex level of the curve and the two neighbouring vertebrae above and below this level, showed similar results. With increasing Cobb angle the RVADs increased linearly with the greatest difference at the second vertebra above the apex. In the three experimental groups the pattern of the RVADs between T6 to T12 was basically similar to the findings of the clinical study. From the results of these clinical and experimental studies, it is concluded that the typical pattern of the RVAs on the concave and convex sides seems to be independent of the underlying cause of the spinal curvature. It is likely that the RVADs result from a passive mechanical adaptation of the ribs to the lateral curvature of the spine.

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“…In addition, there is some evidence of the presence of abnormalities in the neural mechanisms involved in the control of posture in AIS patients [51]. Moreover, structural studies of paraspinal muscles have shown changes in the proportion of different fibre types [52][53][54], myofilament disarrays (a sign of muscle damage) and shortened sarcomerae [55,56]. In some cases, respiratory and leg muscles were also found to be structurally and/or functionally abnormal [55,57].…”

Section: Exercise Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, structural studies of paraspinal muscles have shown changes in the proportion of different fibre types [52][53][54], myofilament disarrays (a sign of muscle damage) and shortened sarcomerae [55,56]. In some cases, respiratory and leg muscles were also found to be structurally and/or functionally abnormal [55,57]. In keeping with all these findings, our results can also be interpreted as the expression of a primary and systemic muscle disorder which might have led to both spinal deformity and generalised muscle dysfunction.…”

Section: Exercise Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle dysfunction and exercise limitation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Martínez‐Llorens¹,

Ramírez²,

Colomina³

et al. 2009

Eur Respir J

105

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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can lead to ventilatory restriction, respiratory muscle weakness and exercise limitation. However, both the causes and the extent of muscle dysfunction remain unclear. The aim of our study is to describe muscle weakness and its relationship to lung function and tolerance to exercise in AIS patients.Lung and muscle function, together with exercise capacity, were assessed in 60 patients with pronounced spinal deformity (.40u) and in 25 healthy volunteers.Patients with AIS had only mild to moderate abnormal ventilatory patterns, the most frequent of which were restrictive abnormalities. The function of respiratory and limb muscles and exercise capacity were below normal limits in AIS patients, and were significantly lower than in controls. Exercise capacity was found to correlate with the function of inspiratory, expiratory, upper limb and lower limb muscles which, in addition, were reciprocally interrelated. Multivariate analysis showed that lower limb muscle function is the main contributor to exercise intolerance. There appeared to be no connection between spinal deformity and lung function, muscle function or exercise capacity.We conclude that AIS patients show generalised muscle dysfunction which contributes to the reduction in their exercise capacity, even in the absence of severe ventilatory impairment.

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Morphologic and Morphometric Studies of Muscle in Idiopathic Scoliosis

Cited by 50 publications

References 11 publications

A new concept for the etiopathogenesis of the thoracospinal deformity of idiopathic scoliosis: summary of an electronic focus group debate of the IBSE

A new concept for the etiopathogenesis of the thoracospinal deformity of idiopathic scoliosis: summary of an electronic focus group debate of the IBSE

Rib-vertebral angle asymmetry in idiopathic, neuromuscular and experimentally induced scoliosis

Muscle dysfunction and exercise limitation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

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