Morphologic changes following in vitro CO2 laser treatment of calculus‐ladened root surfaces

Can Periimplantitis Be Treated?

“…85 In addition, the Nd:YAG, diode, and carbon dioxide lasers are less effective in removing calculus compared with the Er:YAG laser. [86][87][88] A recent case report demonstrated that the Er:YAG laser could remove the bacterial-contaminated titanium oxide layer, thus promoting reosseointegration and healthy soft tissue adaptation around a failing implant. 89 Consequently, the Er:YAG laser seems to be the laser of choice in the management of peri-implant disease.…”

The effect of chemical and/or mechanical conditioning on the Er:YAG laser‐treated root cementum: Analysis of surface morphology and periodontal ligament fibroblast attachment

“…Among the dental lasers, the Er:YAG laser (2.94 mm) has been considered to be one of the most promising lasers in periodontal therapy [7,8]. Because of the emission wavelength that is highly absorbed by water, the Er:YAG laser possesses an excellent capacity for ablating dental hard tissues, including calculus, without producing major thermal side-effects [9,10] such as carbonization, melting, or cracking of the root substance, which are usually observed following CO 2 and Nd:YAG laser irradiation [10,11]. Clinical studies have already reported the effectiveness and safety of the root surface debridement using the Er:YAG laser in non-surgical and surgical periodontal pocket therapies [12][13][14][15].…”

Periodontal tissue healing following flap surgery using an Er:YAG laser in dogs

“…Application of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), diode, and Nd:YAG (neodymium: yttrium, aluminum, and garnet) lasers has come to be generally accepted for soft tissue surgery in periodontal treatment [1][2][3]. With these laser systems, however, difficulties have arisen for periodontal hard tissue treatment such as calculus ablation, diseased cementum removal, and osseous surgery, because of severe thermal side-effect such as melting, cracking, or carbonization [4,5].…”