Morphologic immunophenotypic and cytogenetic patterns of adult acute myeloid leukemia in Saudi Arabia

Immunophenotypic Profile in Adult Patients with Acute Leukemia Association with Clinical Feature: Fluorescence Cytometry Quantitative Analysis

“…In addition, previous study showed that in AMLs with a monocytic component (i.e. AMML and AMoL), CD14 was an insensitive marker in confirming monocytic cells [57]. The CD14 clone (M0P9) used in the present study and previous study detects monocytes/ macrophages, and to our knowledge, differential expression at various stages of monocytic differentiation has not been analyzed with this particular epitope (Kaplow et al 1963).…”

“…The CD14 clone (M0P9) used in the present study and previous study detects monocytes/ macrophages, and to our knowledge, differential expression at various stages of monocytic differentiation has not been analyzed with this particular epitope (Kaplow et al 1963). However, we would like to acknowledge that in a study by Yang et al [57], a 4-color flow cytometry technique with the MO2 and MY4 epitope of CD14 was able to identify all stages of monocytic differentiation (i.e. monoblasts, promonocytes, and mature monocytes) because they appear on mature monocytes after the promonocytes stage and at the early promonocytes stage, respectively [58].…”

Acute myelogenous leukemia blasts as accessory cells during T lymphocyte activation: possible implications for future therapeutic strategies

“…HLA class II expression is independent of FAB classification, the only exception being the AML-M3 subtype where significantly lower levels of class II expression are detected. [30][31][32] Thus, for the large majority of patients AML blasts express the self-HLA molecules needed for presentation of antigenic peptides to T lymphocytes. However, several studies have demonstrated that this HLA class II expression can vary between different AML blast subsets even within the same patient.…”

“…Hirano et al 29 investigated AML blasts derived from 92 patients, and all cases were positive for HLA class I and with a strong expression on Ͼ90% of the blasts for 89 out of the 92 patients. For most patients the AML blasts express HLA-DR molecules also, [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] but the expression of other class II molecules is less well characterized. HLA class II expression is independent of FAB classification, the only exception being the AML-M3 subtype where significantly lower levels of class II expression are detected.…”

“…Clinical studies in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients Increased risk of leukemia relapse, decreased risk of GVHD and transplant-related mortality in identical twin transplants 10 Complete remission has been observed after treatment of post-transplant AML relapse with donor leukocyte transfusions [12][13][14][15][16][17] The frequencies of host reactive helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in stem cell donors correlate with the risk of GVHD 23,24 Cytotoxic T cells recognizing minor histocompatibility antigens can inhibit AML blast proliferation 27 AML blasts expression of membrane molecules necessary for antigen-specific T cell activation AML blasts express HLA class I and class II molecules which are capable of presenting processed antigenic peptides [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] AML blasts express molecules mediating costimulatory signals (LFA-3, ICAM-1, B7.1, B7.2) effects during antigen-specific T cell activation 29,71,[99][100][101][102][103][104] Normal T cell recognition of leukemia-specific antigenic peptides…”