Morphological adaptation of sheep’s rumen epithelium to high-grain diet entails alteration in the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation and apoptosis

Xu, Liping; Wang, Yue; Liu, Junhua; Zhu, Weiyun; Mao, Shengyong

doi:10.1186/s40104-018-0247-z

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In our study, concurrent with OS, the HC diet caused cell death in colonic mucosa through apoptosis as evidenced by increase of bax mRNA expression and decrease of bcl2/bax expression ratio compared with LC. Consistently, epithelial disruption with obvious increase in TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells associated with modulation of bcl2 and bax gene expression have been demonstrated in hind gut (Cecum and colon) and rumen of cattle, sheep and goats fed grain rich diets [ 56 – 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Supranutritional selenium level minimizes high concentrate diet-induced epithelial injury by alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis in colon of goat

et al. 2020

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Background High concentrate (HC) diet-induced oxidative stress causes gut epithelial damages associated with apoptosis. Selenium (Se) being an integral component of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) plays an important role in antioxidant defense system. Therefore, increasing dietary Se level would alleviate HC diet-induced injuries in gut mucosa. The present study investigated eighteen cross-bred goats, randomly divided into three groups (n = 6/group) fed either low concentrate (LC, roughage: concentrate ratio 65:35), high concentrate (HC, 35:65) or HC plus Se (HC-SY) diets for 10 weeks. Se was supplemented at the dose rate of 0.5 mg Se kg− 1 diet in the form of selenium yeast. The background Se level in HC and LC diets were 0.15 and 0.035 mg.kg− 1 diet, respectively. The Se at the dose of 0.115 mg.kg− 1 diet was added in LC diet to make its concentration equivalent to HC diet and with the supplementation of 0.5 mg Se kg− 1, the goats in group HC-SY received total Se by 0.65 mg.kg− 1 diet. Results The molar concentrations of individual and total short chain fatty acids (TSCFA) significantly increased (P < 0.05) with simultaneous decrease in pH of colonic fluid in goats of HC and HC-SY groups compared with LC goats. HC diet induced loss of epithelial integrity, inflammation and loss of goblet cells in colonic mucosa associated with higher lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in colonic fluid whereas, the addition of SY in HC diet alleviated such damaging changes. Compared with LC, the HC diet elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) level with concurrent decrease in GSH-Px and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, while SY supplementation attenuated these changes and improved antioxidant status in colonic epithelium. Moreover, epithelial injury and oxidative stress in colon of HC goats were associated with increased apoptosis as evidenced by downregulation of bcl2 and upregulation of bax, caspases 3 and 8 mRNA expressions compared with LC goats. On contrary, addition of SY in HC (HC-SY) diet alleviated these changes by modulating expression of apoptotic genes in colonic epithelium. Conclusions Our data suggest that supranutritional level of Se attenuates HC diet-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis and thereby minimizes the epithelial injury in colon of goats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Supranutritional selenium level minimizes high concentrate diet-induced epithelial injury by alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis in colon of goat

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, this method was used to further confirm the effect of P4HA2 on U87 cell proliferation. According to the amount of DNA, the whole cell cycle can be divided into G 0 /G 1 , S and G 2 /M phases ( 15 ). DNA in the G 0 /G 1 phase is diploid, while it is tetraploid in the G 2 /M phase and in between in S phase ( 16 , 17 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

P4HA2 promotes cell proliferation and migration in glioblastoma

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Oncol Lett

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary malignant tumor characterized by high infiltration and angiogenesis in the brain parenchyma. Glioma stem cells (GSCs), a heterogeneous GBM cell type with the potential for self-renewal and differentiation to tumor cells, are responsible for the high malignancy of GBM. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of significantly differentially expressed genes between GSCs and GBM cells in GBM progression. The gene profiles GSE74304 and GSE124145, containing 10 GSC samples and 12 GBM samples in total, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The overlapping differentially expressed genes were identified with GEO2R tools and Venn software online. Subsequently, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was performed on the 41 upregulated and 142 downregulated differentially expressed genes in GSCs compared with in GBM cells via the DAVID website. Protein-protein interaction and module analyses in Cytoscape with the STRING database revealed 21 hub genes that were downregulated in GSCs compared with in GBM cells. Survival analysis conducted via the GEPIA2 website revealed that low expression levels of the hub genes prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit α2 (P4HA2), TGF-β induced, integrin subunit α3 and thrombospondin 1 were associated with significantly prolonged survival time in patients with GBM. Further experiments were performed focusing on P4HA2. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to detect P4HA2 gene expression. In agreement with the bioinformatics analysis, P4HA2 expression was higher in U87 cells than in GSCs. Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU incorporation, cell cycle analysis, wound healing and Transwell assays demonstrated that the cell proliferation and migration increased after P4HA2 overexpression and decreased after P4HA2-knockdown. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that low P4HA2 expression in GSCs promoted GBM cell proliferation and migration, suggesting that P4HA2 may act as a switch in the transition from GSCs to GBM cells.

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“…Feeding of high-concentrate diet increases the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the rumen [10] and decreases the ruminal pH [11]. Abdoun et al [12] reported that when the physiological pH of rumen liquid is 6.5 or lower, the ruminal ammonia is primarily absorbed in the form of NH 4 + .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Incremental Urea Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation, Nutrient Digestion, Plasma Metabolites, and Growth Performance in Fattening Lambs

Moraes

et al. 2019

Animals

Self Cite

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Simple SummarySoybean meal is a major protein ingredient in ruminant diets. However, the swine and poultry industries are also competitors for soybean meal as their primary protein ingredient. Thus, soybean meal is expensive, and actually the most expensive gradient of ruminant diets. In this context, urea is used as a low-cost nitrogen source to replace up to 75% of the soybean meal typically fed to fattening lambs. Urea at 10 g could substitute 130 g soybean meal per kg feed dry matter without adverse effects on digestion, metabolism, or growth in fattening lambs when fed a high concentrate diet.AbstractThis study investigated the effects of partially substituting soybean meal (SBM) with incremental amount of urea on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, and growth performance in fattening lambs. Seventy fattening male lambs were sorted into two blocks according to body weight (BW) and assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a randomized block design: SBM at 170 g/kg dry matter (DM) or reduced SBM (40 g/kg DM) plus 0, 10, 20, or 30 g urea/kg DM. Compared with the lambs receiving the SBM diet, the lambs fed the reduced SBM diet plus urea had higher (p < 0.01) concentrations of ruminal ammonia, and the ruminal concentration of ammonia also increased linearly (p < 0.01) with the increasing urea supplementation. Linear and quadratic effects (p < 0.01) on the crude protein (CP) intake and digestibility were observed with the increasing urea addition to the diet. The concentrations of plasma ammonia and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased (linear, p < 0.01; quadratic, p < 0.01) with the increasing urea supplementation. The final BW, DM intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain efficiency were similar (p ≥ 0.42) between the SBM group and the urea-supplemented groups. However, the DMI and ADG increased quadratically (p ≤ 0.03) with the increasing urea addition to the diet, with the 10 g urea/kg DM diet resulting in the highest DMI and ADG. The results of this study demonstrated that 10 g urea could substitute 130 g soybean meal per kg feed DM without any adverse effect on growth performance or health in fattening lambs when fed a high concentrate diet.

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Morphological adaptation of sheep’s rumen epithelium to high-grain diet entails alteration in the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation and apoptosis

Cited by 23 publications

References 57 publications

Supranutritional selenium level minimizes high concentrate diet-induced epithelial injury by alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis in colon of goat

Supranutritional selenium level minimizes high concentrate diet-induced epithelial injury by alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis in colon of goat

P4HA2 promotes cell proliferation and migration in glioblastoma

Effects of Incremental Urea Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation, Nutrient Digestion, Plasma Metabolites, and Growth Performance in Fattening Lambs

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