Morphological alterations in the congenital blind based on the analysis of cortical thickness and surface area

Park, Hae Jeong; Lee, Jong Doo; Kim, Eung Yeop; Park, Bumhee; Oh, Maeng Keun; Lee, Sung Chul; Kim, Jae Jin

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.076

Cited by 172 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The mutation of the Rx/rax locus is also responsible for congenital anophthalmia in humans. Although there are several studies on the structural consequences of early loss of sight on the visual brain in humans (Breitenseher et al, 1998;Buchel et al, 1998;Jiang et al, 2009;Noppeney et al, 2005;Pan et al, 2007;Park et al, 2007Park et al, , 2009Ptito et al, 2008), very few offer a direct comparison of early blind with anophthalmic subjects (Bock et al, 2013). This study provides evidence for altered callosal connections in anophthalmic compared to early blind subjects suggesting that the absence of prenatal retinal input can affect the corpus callosum (Bock et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Some studies show no evidence for visual cortex atrophy in blind subjects (Breitenseher et al, 1998;Buchel et al, 1998) whereas others show a significant reduction of the volume of the visual cortex in blind subjects (Noppeney et al, 2005;Pan et al, 2007;Ptito et al, 2008). It has been noted that the reduced cortical volume can be the result of either a reduction of the area or of its thickness that likely reflect different developmental processes (Park et al, 2009). One study shows a decreased volume of the visual cortex in early blind subjects despite an increased thickness of this cortex area (Park et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been noted that the reduced cortical volume can be the result of either a reduction of the area or of its thickness that likely reflect different developmental processes (Park et al, 2009). One study shows a decreased volume of the visual cortex in early blind subjects despite an increased thickness of this cortex area (Park et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain differences of the effect of enucleation and anophthalmia on the size and growth of sensory cortices in mice

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain differences of the effect of enucleation and anophthalmia on the size and growth of sensory cortices in mice

et al. 2014

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“…Individuals who became blind after birth have thinning of the primary visual cortex (Park et al, 2009). Even when blindness occurs late, there is atrophy of the left entorhinal cortex relative to sighted controls (Jiang et al, 2009).…”

Section: Can Training Change Regional Volume?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of gray matter volume: The cellular and synaptic plasticity that underlies volumetric change

Anderson

2011

Developmental Psychobiology

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Fifty years ago, Mark Rosenzweig and coworkers described environmental effects on brain chemistry and gross brain weight. William Greenough then used stereological tools, electron microscopy, and the Golgi stain to demonstrate that enrichment led to dendritic growth and synapse addition. Together these forms of plasticity accounted for cortical expansion and a reduction in cell density. In parallel with other investigators, Greenough demonstrated that these effects were not limited to the rodent, the cortex, or development, but instead generalize to many species, brain regions, and life stages. Studies of the anatomical effects of enrichment foreshadowed the recent empirical evidence for cortical volumetric increases after environmental experience and training in humans. Since research in humans is limited to regional effects, the analysis of the cellular and synaptic effects of enrichment, and their contribution to volumetric increases can inform us of the potential cellular and subcellular plasticity the leads to volume change in humans.

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“…Current cortical analyses typically use combinations of these shape measures within surface-based morphometry frameworks to identify statistically significant differences between diseased or injured brains and healthy controls Park et al, 2009;Schaer et al, 2008]. However, the severity of alterations observed in children with CP, such as those illustrated in Figure 6.1, introduces significant errors into the registration of cortical surfaces required by morphometric analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated injury segmentation to assist in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy

Pagnozzi¹

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Cerebral palsy (CP) describes a group of permanent disorders of posture and movement caused by disturbances in the developing brain. It is the most common physical disability of children worldwide and can lead to a wide range of functional impairments. Accurate diagnosis and prognosis, in terms of the type and severity of functional impairment, is difficult due to the wide range of injuries that may occur and the variable effect of plasticity; which leads to inconsistency in the clinical outcomes of children with CP. The use of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify and locate brain lesions has facilitated the diagnosis and qualitative classification of children with CP.Currently, the quantification of image findings from structural MRIs is not automated and remains labour intensive, hence is not widely performed for clinical assessment. Automated brain image segmentation techniques could reduce the clinical time required toprovide an accurate and reproducible quantification of injury. Although such approaches have been used to study other neurological disorders, the heterogeneous appearance of injury and the large anatomical distortion that occurs in CP require modification of existing algorithms to be sufficiently reliable. As a result, they have not been widely applied toMRIs of children with CP.In this thesis, a series of automated image quantification techniques are presented for analysing the MRI data obtained from children with CP. These techniques identify and quantify the severity of the three main types of injury observed in children with CP; including ventricular enlargement, cortical malformations and white and grey matter injury.The developed automated pipeline involves a number of technical developments and contributions to the automated analysis of CP MRI data. A brain tissue segmentation approach based on the Expectation Maximisation (EM)/Markov Random Field (MRF) approach was developed, with a modified MRF implementation that expects different tissue labels within a given neighbourhood to have a corresponding intensity gradient.Following this segmentation step, three different approaches were used to identify and quantify the three distinct types of injury observed from children with CP, which are all important for clinical assessment. Biomarkers from each type of injury obtained from these approaches were used as independent variables in a devised statistical methodology designed to elucidate significant and generalisable correlations between image-derived measures of injury and patient function.ii Ventricular enlargement was quantified using a model of lateral ventricular shape that encapsulates healthy variation observed in ventricular shape. The residual of this model to a target shape reveals a volume of injury, allowing a measure of involvement of critical adjacent anatomies, such as the thalamus, caudate nucleus and lenticular nucleus, to be computed. This measure of involvement was devised as a way to translate the indirect injury of ventricular enlargement to the direct in...

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Morphological alterations in the congenital blind based on the analysis of cortical thickness and surface area

Cited by 172 publications

References 78 publications

Strain differences of the effect of enucleation and anophthalmia on the size and growth of sensory cortices in mice

Strain differences of the effect of enucleation and anophthalmia on the size and growth of sensory cortices in mice

Plasticity of gray matter volume: The cellular and synaptic plasticity that underlies volumetric change

Automated injury segmentation to assist in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy

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