Morphological analysis in sentence reading

Lima, Susan D.

doi:10.1016/0749-596x(87)90064-7

Cited by 110 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, examination of data revealed such an effect. Carroll & Slowiaczek, 1986;Morris, 1994; S. C. Sereno, 1995; S. C. HyOn~i & Niemi, 1990;Inhoff et al, 1993;Rayner, Raney, & Pollatsek, 1995Beauvillain, 1996Holmes & O'Regan, 1987Hytnlt & Pollatsek, in press;Inhoff, Briihl, & Schwartz, 1996;Lima, 1987Albrecht & Clifton, 1998Blanchard, 1987;Duffy & Rayner, 1990;K. Ehrlich, 1983;K.…”

Section: Using Eye Movements To Study Language Processing In Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, when text is reread, fixation duration decreases (Hytin~i & Niemi, 1990;Inhoff et al, 1993); when high-and low-frequency words are encountered a number of times within a passage, fixation times on the words decrease, with the effect being more pronounced for low-frequency words 15 (Rayner, Raney, & Pollatsek, 1995). Third, readers look longer at prefixed words than pseudoprefixed words (Lima, 1987) and longer at morphemes in long words that are more informative with respect to the overall meaning of the word (Hytlnli & Pollatsek, in press). Fourth, fixation time in the region of a pronoun varies as a function of how easy it is to make the link between the pronoun and its antecedent (K. Ehrlich & Rayner, 1983), and words that invite the reader to make an elaborative inference are fixated for less time than when such an inference is not made.…”

Section: Using Eye Movements To Study Language Processing In Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research.

Rayner

1998

Psychological Bulletin

6,144

231

5,590

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies of eye movements in reading and other information processing tasks, such as music reading, typing, visual search, and scene perception, are reviewed. The major emphasis of the review is on reading as a specific example of cognitive processing. Basic topics discussed with respect to reading are (a) the characteristics of eye movements, (b) the perceptual span, (c) integration of information across saccades, (d) eye movement control, and (e) individual differences (including dyslexia). Similar topics are discussed with respect to the other tasks examined. The basic theme of the review is that eye movement data reflect moment-to-moment cognitive processes in the various tasks examined. Theoretical and practical considerations concerning the use of eye movement data are also discussed.Many studies using eye movements to investigate cognitive processes have appeared over the past 20 years. In an earlier review, I (Rayner, 1978b) argued that since the mid-1970s we have been in a third era of eye movement research and that the success of research in the current era would depend on the ingenuity of researchers in designing interesting and informative studies. It would appear from the vast number of studies using eye movement data over the past 20 years that research in this third era is fulfilling the promise inherent in using eye movement behavior to infer cognitive processes. The first era of eye movement research extended from Javal's initial observations concerning the role of eye movements in reading in 1879 (see Huey, 1908) up until about 1920. During this era, many basic facts about eye movements were discovered. Issues such as saccadic suppression (the fact that we do not perceive information during an eye movement), saccade latency (the time that it takes to initiate an eye movement), and the size of the perceptual span (the region of effective vision) were of concern in this era. The second era, which coincided with the behaviorist movement in experimental psychology, tended to have a more applied focus, and little research was undertaken with eye movements to infer cognitive processes. Although classic work by Tinker (1946) on reading and by Buswell (1935) on scene perception was carried out during this era, in retrospect, most of the work seems to have focused on the eye movements per se (or on surface aspects of the task being investigated). Tinker's (1958) final review ended on the rather pessimistic note that almost every-

show abstract

Section: Using Eye Movements To Study Language Processing In Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Using Eye Movements To Study Language Processing In Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research.

Rayner

1998

Psychological Bulletin

6,144

231

5,590

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even though morphology seems to be important for foveal processing, there is mixed evidence for a parafoveal preview benefit of morphological information in reading in alphabetic languages. While there is no evidence for parafoveal morphological processing in English Kambe, 2004;Lima, 1987) or Finnish (Bertram & Hyönä, 2007), there is evidence that morphological information is processed parafoveally in Hebrew (Deutsch, Frost, Pelleg, Pollatsek, & Rayner, 2003;Deutsch, Frost, Pollatsek, & Rayner, 2000;2005). In English, Kambe (2004) found that a nonword preview that shared a prefix (rehsxc) or stem (zvduce) with the target (reduce) provided no facilitation above and beyond a standard orthographic preview benefit, indicating that readers of English do not obtain morphological information in the parafovea (see also Lima, 1987).…”

Section: Morphological Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parafoveal processing in reading

Schotter

Angele

Rayner

2011

Atten Percept Psychophys

480

459

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present review summarizes research investigating how words are identified parafoveally (and foveally) in reading. Parafoveal and foveal processing are compared when no other concurrent task is required (e.g., in singleword recognition tasks) and when both are required simultaneously (e.g., during reading). We first review methodologies used to study parafoveal processing (e.g., corpus analyses and experimental manipulations, including gaze-contingent display change experiments such as the boundary, moving window, moving mask, and fast priming paradigms). We then turn to a discussion of the levels of representation at which words are processed (e.g., orthographic, phonological, morphological, lexical, syntactic, and semantic). Next, we review relevant research regarding parafoveal processing, summarizing the extent to which words are processed at each of those levels of representation. We then review some of the most controversial aspects of parafoveal processing, as they relate to reading: (1) word skipping, (2) parafoveal-on-foveal effects, and (3) n + 1 and n + 2 preview benefit effects. Finally, we summarize two of the most advanced models of eye movements during reading and how they address foveal and parafoveal processing.

show abstract

“…The parafoveal processing benefit appears to be limited mostly to orthographic and phonological information, and the bulk of the evidence suggests that lexical or semantic information is not used as preview information (for a review of the mostly negative effects, see Rayner, White, Kambe, Miller, & Liversedge, 2003). In Hebrew, parafoveal processing is extended to morphological properties (Deutsch, Frost, Pelleg, Pollatsek, & Rayner, 2003), which does not appear to be the case in English (Inhoff, 1989a;Lima, 1987). Finally, most studies suggest that the preview benefit is not "cashed in" until the parafoveal word is fixated; in other words, parafoveal processing is not found to influence foveal processing (but see Kennedy, Pynte, & Ducrot, 2002, for parafoveal-on-foveal effects).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are long compound words identified serially via their constituents? Evidence from an eyemovement-contingent display change study

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In our prior research, we examined the identification of two-noun Finnish compound words by embedding them in sentence contexts and recording readers' eye movements on these compounds while they read the sentences for comprehension. (In Finnish, compound words are never broken by interword spaces.) The results suggest that long (12-to 18-letter) compound words are processed primarily in such a way that the constituents are processed serially (from left to right). Hyönä and Pollatsek (1998) manipulated the frequency of the first constituent (i.e., its frequency as a separate word) while matching for second-constituent and whole-word frequency (e.g., liikenne in liikennevalo ϭ traffic light). They observed that first-constituent frequency had both an early effect that surfaced in the duration of the initial fixation on the word and a later, larger effect on the gaze duration on a word (the total first pass time on the word), which was due largely to differences in the number of times that the word was fixated. Both of these effects were subsequently replicated by Bertram and Hyönä (2003) for long compounds. Pollatsek, Hyönä, and Bertram (2000) also observed that the frequency of the second constituent had a large effect on the gaze duration on the compound word. However, second-constituent frequency did not affect the duration of first fixation on the compound but affected processing starting only on the second fixation. These data are consistent with the view that long compounds are identified serially via their constituents by first accessing the initial constituent, followed by the access of the second constituent (for other eye movement studies of compound word processing in reading, see Andrews, Miller, & Rayner, 2004;Inhoff, 1989a;Inhoff, Briihl, & Schwartz, 1996;Inhoff, Radach, & Heller, 2000;Juhasz, Starr, Inhoff, & Placke, 2003). However, since Pollatsek and Hyönä (in press) demonstrated that both the gaze durations and the first-constituent frequency effects were the same for semantically opaque compounds as for semantically transparent compounds, it appears that the initial stages of the composition of the two constituents does not involve integrating their meanings.There are data, however, indicating that accessing a compound word is more than a serial identification of its components. In particular, when the frequency of the compound word was varied (while equating the frequency of the constituents), there were also large effects on the gaze duration on the compound word , although the effect of word frequency was not significant until the second fixation. This word frequency effect indicates that more holistic processing of the compound words is occurring as well. Moreover, Bertram and Hyönä (2003) found that a compositional mode of processing may be important only for relatively long compound words. For shorter compound words (7-9 characters), they obtained an early effect of word frequency but 523Copyright 2004 Psychonomic Society, Inc.This research was supported by an Academy of Finland grant to t...

show abstract

Morphological analysis in sentence reading

Cited by 110 publications

References 18 publications

Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research.

Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research.

Parafoveal processing in reading

Are long compound words identified serially via their constituents? Evidence from an eyemovement-contingent display change study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About