Morphological analysis of palatal rugae pattern in central Indian population

Abstract

Aim:The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological study of palatal rugae pattern in a central Indian population and to determine sex differentiation.Objectives:To investigate the distinctive rugae patterns of the study population and determine the contribution of rugae patterns in gender identification.Material and Methods:The present cross-sectional study was conducted among a Central Indian population with a sample size of 500 participants. The study involved 250 males and 250 females who were randomly selected from the outpatient department of Oral Medicine Diagnosis and Radiology, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. After collection of impression, casts were made and analyzed to evaluate the palatal rugae pattern in a central Indian population by using Thomas and Kotze classification (1983) for number, shape, direction, and unification of palatal rugae pattern. The statistical analysis was carried out using Mann–Whitney test and Chi-square (χ2) tests for categorical variables.Result:Males showed more number of rugae than females [P = 0.00 (≤0.001)]. Males had more number of wavy rugae pattern whereas females showed more number of straight rugae patterns [P = 0.00 (≤0.001)]. Males showed more backwardly directed rugae whereas females showed more forwardly directed rugae [P = 0.00 (≤0.001)]. The unification did not show any significant difference.Conclusion:This study showed that there was a significant relationship between palatoscopy, human identification, and sex determination. Thus, palatoscopy can be considered as a cost effective, easy, unique, and stable method for human identification.

Sex Assessment by Morphological Analysis of Palatal Rugae Patterns in a South Indian Adult Population

“…12 Pereira et al 11 reported that both forward and backward were common in males, while perpendicular patterns were common in females, while Dwivedi and Nagarajappa reported that backwardly directed rugae were common in males. 24 In agreement with our study's findings, previous studies have demonstrated no significant difference between males and females. 4,5 This finding was contrary to an earlier study that reported a higher number of rugae in males than females.…”

“…7 However, the findings of our study do not support the results of previous studies. 23 Studies have reported that males' most common pattern was a wavy pattern 9,24,25 and in females was a curved pattern. 9,14 The wavy pattern followed by a straight pattern was predominantly seen in females, while the curved pattern was seen most commonly in males.…”

Description of palatal rugae size and direction in children with gender difference

“…Identifying individuals with visual tests, fingerprints, and DNA is a method developed in the world of forensic identification, but the cost of DNA test isn't low and fingerprint is not always obtained, for example on burnt victim. 6 This study indicates that the type IV palatal rugae direction is dominant in both male and female maxilla, with 94% percentage in boys and 85% in girls.…”

The Heritability of Palatal Rugae Morphology Among Siblings*†

“…This study group showed more backward directed rugae compared to forward and perpendicular rugae which is similar to the Bengali population (28). In contrast, forward directed rugae was predominant in Sudanese, Egyptians, Turkish, Gujarati, and Indians (22,27,(29)(30)(31)(32)(33). Generally, the population worldwide would show more forward directed rugae because there is a decrease in backward directed rugae with age.…”