Morphological and Agronomical Diversity Patterns in the Spanish Barley Core Collection

Abstract

Seven thousand years of barley cultivation under the environmental hardships typical of the Mediterranean climate have generated genetic singularity of the Spanish barleys, consistently reported in the literature. From the Spanish National Collection of 2289 accessions, a core subset with 159 landraces and 16 old varieties was constituted. Twenty-seven characters were evaluated for the core collection, to define the structure of the diversity. Several evaluation trials were carried out in 1999-2000, whereas yield trials were performed in earlier years. Phenotypic diversity was large for most of the characters studied. Comparisons of genetic diversity between the core and the original collections suggested that the core is a good representation of the existing diversity in the BNG. Comparisons with results of studies on Spanish materials from other collections seem to indicate that the Spanish diversity is not well represented in some world collections. Principal component analyses for quantitative and qualitative characters revealed a clear distinction between two- and six-row cultivars, and also between landraces and commercial varieties. Geographical origins of the landraces were correlated with grain yield, heading date, duration of grain filling period, and growth class. In relation to diseases, altitude played an important role on the resistance to powdery mildew and brown rust. For brown rust, all the resistant landraces came from low altitudes. These geographical gradients seemed consistent with prior knowledge about barley adaptation, and would confirm the agreement between passport data and true adaptive origin of these landraces from a geographical point of view.

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“…This same observation was made by Sow et al (2013) in Niger and then by Tendro Radanielina et al (2013) in the Vakinankaratra region in Madagascar but a clear consolidation pattern was observed for three lines of eight measured on a collection of Spanish barley (Lasa et al, 2001). However, the grouping of the accessions of Benin according to the cluster analysis led to three phenotypic groups.…”

Introgression of an intermediate VRNH1 allele in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leads to reduced vernalization requirement without affecting freezing tolerance

“…To date, these kinds of genotypes with the VRNH1 allele of SBCC058 and VRNH2 have been classified agronomically as spring varieties that show a reduced vernalization requirement (Cockram et al 2007;Szűcs et al 2007;Hemming et al 2009). This allelic constitution is representative of a large class of Spanish barleys that have been classified as exhibiting a winter growth habit on the basis of their suitability to be sown in autumn and their mild vernalization requirement (Lasa et al 2001). As proposed by Szűcs et al (2007) for Calicuchima-sib, SBCC058 represents an intermediate growth habit, which corresponds to one of the intermediate classes of Takahashi and Yasuda (1971).…”

Genetic profiles and diversity of Baltic spring barley material

“…Differentiation of accessions. The differentiation between two-and six rowed accessions based on molecular markers has been reported both in cultivars and landraces of barley from different countries of origin (Lasa and Igartua, 2001;Chaabane et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2009). The differentiation of two-rowed and six-rowed accessions was apparent also in Baltic barley material (Fig.…”