Morphological and biochemical changes in shoot and root organs of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) after exposure to drought stress

Abstract

Morphological and biochemical responses of shoot and root organs of post-drought stress vetch plant were investigated. Vetch seedlings were exposed to drought stress (100 g/l PEG 6000 ) under in vitro conditions. Parameters were measured on 14-day-old seedlings. Under drought stress, shoot and root length, fresh weight, and water content were decreased. The dry matter ratio (DMR) increased in both the root and the shoot, and an increase in root dry weight was detected. Moreover, drought induced changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) in both organs. Enzymes analysis revealed a reverse association between CAT and SOD with APX and GR activities. The inverse relationship between these antioxidant enzyme activities may depend on the plant's growth period. An increase in proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents was detected. Overall, the increase in morphological and biochemical parameters indicates that the root organ had a stronger response than the shoot organ under drought stress. The basic scientific knowledge obtained from this study could benefit future studies, such as breeding, in vetch plants.

Germination and Seedling Properties of Lotus corniculatus L. Under Simulated Drought Stress

“…Therefore, it can be seen as an adaptation developed by this plant so that it can withstand the stress factor more strongly. These findings support earlier research by Hamidi and Safarnejad (2010), Demiroğlu-Topçu and Özkan (2016), Beyaz (2022) and Ahmed et al, (2022) who found significant decreases in growth paramaters of alfalfa, sainfoin, common vetch and sesame under PEG6000 induced drought stress. The partitioning of dry matter (DM) in plants is closely correlated with crop productivity during drought stress (Rauf and Sadaqat, 2007).…”

“…However, this increase is indicated by root shoot dry matter ratio (Figure 2I). Similar to the research findings, Beyaz (2022) reported that in vitro PEG6000 drought treatment (10%) caused an increase in dry matter ratio in both shoot and root organs of common vetch, and this increase was more in the root. A decrease in water content and disruption to cellular membranes, which aid the body in coping with abiotic stresses such as drought, are the primary impacts of stress (Zhou et al, 2012).…”

“…Hence, the understanding of drought impacts on germination and early seedling growth stage is critical for crop production and productivity. Recent studies have examined how plants respond to drought stress in terms of seed germination and seedling growth, particularly those involving agricultural crops (Tong et al, 2021;Ahmed et al, 2022;Beyaz, 2022).…”

Effect of drought stress on natural rubber biosynthesis and quality in Taraxacum kok-saghyz roots

“…Another study found that drought stress increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in both shoot and root tissues, implying that the antioxidant defense system plays a role in removing reactive oxygen species. The author also reported that watering the plants after drought stress partially restored their morphological and biochemical characteristics, indicating some degree of recovery from drought damage [65]. SRPP4, which belongs to a stressrelated protein category [66], was overexpressed under severe drought.…”

Exogenous phthalanilic acid induces resistance to drought stress in pepper seedlings (Capsicum annuum L.)

“…In general, the plants in response to drought stress cause changes in several important markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) ( Beyaz, 2019 ; Beyaz, 2022 ). These markers are often used as the basis for drought stress studies of pepper ( Kim et al., 2022 ).…”