Morphological and Functional Changes of Meibomian Glands in Pediatric and Adult Patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis

Wu, Yuqing; Jiang, Hao; Zhou, Xujiao; Zhai, Zimeng; Yang, Pei; Zhou, Shuyun; Gu, Hao; Xu, Jianjiang; Hong, Jiaxu

doi:10.3390/jcm11051427

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…MG grade was classified according to the previous standard considering both MG area and distortion (Table 1). [21][22][23][24] The upper MG means MGs seen within the everted upper tarsal plate. Similarly, the lower MG was captured in the lower one.…”

Section: Examination and Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Influential Signs of Dry Eye–Related Ocular Symptoms in Participants With Unstable Tear Film

Shen,

Xu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Cornea

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing dry eye disease (DED)-related ocular symptoms in participants with short fluorescein tear break-up time (FTBUT). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 82 participants with short FTBUT (<10 seconds). Examinations included Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), FTBUT, average noninvasive tear break-up time (NIBUTave), lid wiper epitheliopathy, lipid layer thickness, blink rate, partial blink, tear meniscus height, and meibomian gland (MG) evaluation which included ratio of residual MG area (RMGA) and MG grade in tarsal plates. One-way analysis of variance was used to detect differences between symptomatic tear film instability group (FTBUT <5 s, OSDI ≥13), asymptomatic tear film instability group (FTBUT <5 s, OSDI <13), and control group (FTBUT ≥5 s, OSDI <13). A bivariate correlation, partial correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify major factors. Only the right eye was included. Results: Among the participants with FTBUT <5 seconds, symptomatic group showed less upper RMGA (P < 0.001) and NIBUTave (P = 0.010). OSDI was negatively associated with upper RMGA (r = −0.450, P < 0.001) and NIBUTave (r = −0.414, P = 0.001), and positively associated with upper MG grade (r = 0.277, P = 0.027). Linear regression analysis showed that the upper RMGA significantly affected OSDI (B = −41.895, P = 0.001), while not significantly correlated with age, upper MG grade, and NIBUTave. Conclusions: The upper RMGA might be the main factor affecting DED-related discomfort in participants with unstable tear film, indicating an early ocular change in DED.

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Section: Examination and Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Influential Signs of Dry Eye–Related Ocular Symptoms in Participants With Unstable Tear Film

Shen,

Xu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Cornea

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“…The meiboscore were graded as: 0, no loss of MGs; 1, less than one-third loss of glands; 2, one-third to two-thirds loss of glands; and 3, more than two-thirds loss of glands. The total meiboscore of the upper and lower eyelids ranged from 0-6 [30][31][32]. Conjunctiva redness was assessed by automated objective evaluation of the high magnification digital imaging according to the proprietary JENVIS grading scale from 0 to 4 [12].…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Hypochlorous Acid on Blepharitis through Ultrasonic Atomization: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Zhang

Wan

et al. 2023

JCM

Self Cite

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Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of eyelid hygiene using topical 0.01% hypochlorous acid (HOCL) through ultrasonic atomization after 2 weeks in patients with blepharitis. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Patients with blepharitis were randomized into two groups: topical 0.01% HOCL through ultrasonic atomization (HOCL group, 42 eyes) or eyelid scrubs (control group, 37 eyes). Patients in both groups received warm compresses twice daily and topical 0.5% levofloxacin three times a day. Primary outcomes were the ocular surface disease index scores (OSDI), lid margin redness, lid margin abnormalities, meibum expressibility, meibum quality, and noninvasive breakup time after 2 weeks. Secondary outcomes were conjunctiva redness, corneal fluorescein staining, and tear meniscus height. A questionnaire of treatment adherence with a free response section was administered to confirm patient compliance and comments. Results: Sixty-seven participants participated in this study. Both groups show an improvement in all primary outcomes, while statistically significant improvements in OSDI, lid margin redness, lid margin abnormality, meibum expressibility and quality are only limited to the HOCL group after 2 weeks of treatment (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Subgroup analysis in HOCL reveals that only the change in lid margin abnormality and meibum expressibility in the mild–moderate meibomian glands loss patients at baseline has a statistically significant difference p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression shows that the improvement in OSDI is negatively associated with meibum expressibility score at the baseline (95% CI [−28.846, −1.815], p = 0.028). The patient compliance is 7.1 ± 2.0 in the HOCL group and 7.1 ± 1.8 in the control group (p > 0.05). No adverse events are reported. Conclusion: Topical 0.01% HOCL through ultrasonic atomization is a tolerable and effective eyelid hygiene treatment for blepharitis.

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“…In recent years, with the increase in research on dry eye in children and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), it has been found that a variety of diseases may be related to dry eye in children and MGD, such as allergic conjunctivitis, blepharitis and refractive error [3][4][5]. However, it is unknown whether epiblepharon is related to dry eye in children and MGD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Functional Characteristics of the Meibomian Gland in Pediatric Patients with Epiblepharon

Li¹,

Qin²,

Jiang³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background To observe morphologic and functional changes in meibomian glands in pediatric patients with and without lower eyelid epiblepharon.Methods In this prospective observation study, 55 eyes of 55 patients and 60 eyes of 60 controls were included. The following tests were performed: eyelid margin abnormality by slit-lamp examination, measurement of noninvasive keratographic break-up time (NIKBUT), grading of absence of meibomian gland (meibography score) assessed with noncontact meibography, morphologic changes of meibomian glands (thinning, dilatation and distortion), tear production by the Schirmer I test, and grading of meibum quality and meibomian gland expressibility.Results The morphologic changes in meibomian glands were more common in the epiblepharon group (56.36%) than in the control group (28.33%) (p = 0.002). The meibum quality was worse in the epiblepharon group than in the control group (p = 0.009), and the NIKBUT was significantly shorter in the epiblepharon group than in the control group (p = 0.012). There was no significant difference in the Schirmer test, meibomian gland expressibility, eyelid margin abnormality score or total meibography score between the two groups. Morphologic changes in the meibomian glands in the upper eyelids (38.18%) were more common than those in the lower eyelids (20%) (p = 0.036) in the epiblepharon group, and the meibography score was higher in the upper eyelids than in the lower eyelids (p = 0.001).Conclusion There are morphological and functional changes in meibomian glands in pediatric patients with lower eyelid epiblepharon. Although the inverted eyelashes were located in the lower eyelid, morphological changes in the meibomian glands were more common in the upper eyelid.

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Morphological and Functional Changes of Meibomian Glands in Pediatric and Adult Patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Influential Signs of Dry Eye–Related Ocular Symptoms in Participants With Unstable Tear Film

Influential Signs of Dry Eye–Related Ocular Symptoms in Participants With Unstable Tear Film

Effect of Hypochlorous Acid on Blepharitis through Ultrasonic Atomization: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Morphological and Functional Characteristics of the Meibomian Gland in Pediatric Patients with Epiblepharon

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