Morphological and Genetic Characterization of the Aedes (Ochlerotatus) communis Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in North America

Brust, R. A.; Munstermann, Leonard E.

doi:10.1093/aesa/85.1.1

Cited by 23 publications

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“…In the current comparisons, the values obtained between the field populations in the Amazonian basin were similarly low; they demonstrated a level of genetic diver- gence well within the typical variation described for populations within a species. [41][42][43] The most direct expressions of genetic variation in a population are the within locus heterozygosity and the among locus expression of polymorphism. This variation was evaluated among our population samples by several approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability in biochemical characters of Brazilian field populations of the Leishmania vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae).

Mukhopadhyay¹,

Ghosh²,

Rangel³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is the insect vector of visceral leishmaniasis, a protozoan disease of increasing incidence and distribution in Central and South America. Electrophoretic allele frequencies of 15 enzyme loci were compared among the L. longipalpis populations selected across its distribution range in Brazil. The mean heterozygosity of two colonized geographic strains (one each from Colombia and Brazil) were 6% and 13% respectively, with 1.6-1.9 alleles detected per locus. In contrast, among the seven widely separated field populations, the mean heterozygosity ranged from 11% to 16% with 2.1-2.9 alleles per locus. No locus was recovered that was diagnostic for any of the field populations. Allelic frequency differences among five field strains from the Amazon basin and eastern coastal Brazil were very low, with Nei's genetic distances of less than 0.01 separating them. The two inland and southerly samples from Minas Gerais (Lapinha) and Bahia (Jacobina) states were more distinctive with genetic distances of 0.024-0.038 and 0.038-0.059, respectively, when compared with the five other samples. These differences were the consequence of several high frequency alleles (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Gpd 1.69 ] and phosphoglucomutase [Pgm 1.69 ]) relatively uncommon in other strains. The low genetic distances, absence of diagnostic loci, and the distribution of genes in geographic space indicate L. longipalpis of Brazil to be a single, but genetically heterogeneous, polymorphic species.American visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) is a fatal disease in the New World tropics. Approximately 1.6 million people are at risk of infection with this disease and on average, 16,000 cases are reported annually. 1,2 More than 90% of human cases occur in Brazil. 3,4 Visceral leishmaniasis in humans is caused by the kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania donovani chagasi Cunha and Chagas. 5,6 However, in Central America, infections also frequently result in cutaneous disease. [7][8][9] The most important vector of Leishmania d. chagasi is the phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva). 10-13 It was first described from specimens collected in São Paulo Bosque de Saúde (no longer in existence), 100 km north northwest of Belo Horizonte at the Caves of Maquiné (Cordisburgo) and at a ranch near the river port of Benjamin Constant (Além Paraíba, 140 km northeast of Rio de Janeiro) Fazenda Ouro Fino. 14,15 It occurs from southern Mexico to northern Argentina in discontinuous distributions. 16 In Brazil, L. longipalpis has been recorded in habitats ranging from heavily populated urban centers to rural, periurban areas in a wide variety of ecotopes including mountain ranges to the east and the Amazon river basin covering most of the north and central Brazil. Therefore, the sand flies survive in a variety of habitats and sometimes in zones where formidable barriers prevent their migration. Since they have a limited flight range, rarely migrating more than 100 meters, the widely separ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability in biochemical characters of Brazilian field populations of the Leishmania vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae).

Mukhopadhyay¹,

Ghosh²,

Rangel³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…caspius, Ae. mariae) are monophyletic in contrast to those of the Communis subgroup (Brust and Munstermann, 1992).…”

Section: Intraspecific Differentiation and Phylogenetic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mapping of Resistance to Vegetable Polyphenols among Aedes Taxa (Diptera, Culicidae) on a Molecular Phylogeny

Rey

Després

Schaffner³

et al. 2001

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…We have studied the inheritance of and mapped the location of RAPD markers in Aedes aegypti (Antolin et al, 1996), verifying the first assumption albeit in another mosquito species. Allozyme genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg proportions in two studies of breeding structure in other snow pool Aedes (Eldridge et al, 1986;Brust & Munstermann, 1992), suggesting that the second assumption may be valid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The exact number of species is uncertain because cryptic species have been detected. For example, the A. communis (DeGeer) complex consists of four sibling species (A. communis s.s., A. churchillensis Ellis & Brust, A. nevadensis Chapman & Barr and A. tahoensis Dyar) (Ellis & Brust, 1973;Brust & Munstermann, 1992). Schutz & Eldridge (unpublished data, cited in Hardy et al, 1993) found geographical variation in allozyme frequencies in A. tahoensis along a north-south gradient in California from the Klamath Mountains in the north to the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains, suggesting restricted gene flow between geographically adjacent populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding structure of three snow pool Aedes mosquito species in northern Colorado

West

Black

1998

Heredity

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RAPD-PCR polymorphisms were used to examine breeding structure in three species of snow pool Aedes mosquitoes across three river drainages in northern Colorado. Larvae were collected from four snow pools for Aedes cataphylla Dyar, seven pools for A. hexodontus Dyar and six pools for A. pullatus (Coquillet). Polymorphisms were scored at 47-48 RAPD loci in each species. To test for isolation by distance, F ST /(1 F ST ) values between pairs of pools were plotted against geographical distances and subjected to a Mantel test with 1000 random permutations. F ST values were independent of geographical distances in A. cataphylla and A. hexodontus but were somewhat correlated in A. pullatus suggesting isolation by distance in this species. A cluster analysis was performed on pair-wise F ST values among pools including seven pools that were sampled in both 1994 and 1995. Bootstrap analysis indicated that pools clustered across drainages and generally independently of geographical proximity. However, there was consistent support for clustering of larvae collected from the same pool across years in A. cataphylla and in high altitude collections of A. pullatus. Mountains do not appear to act as major barriers to gene flow in any of these species. Instead, seasonal differences in adult emergence may serve as barriers to migration among A. pullatus and A. cataphylla populations. Larvae of A. hexodontus are distributed continuously in grassy pools along the banks of rivers and genetic drift probably occurs through random larval mortality when these pools are washed out during spring run-off.

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Morphological and Genetic Characterization of the Aedes (Ochlerotatus) communis Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in North America

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic variability in biochemical characters of Brazilian field populations of the Leishmania vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae).

Genetic variability in biochemical characters of Brazilian field populations of the Leishmania vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae).

Mapping of Resistance to Vegetable Polyphenols among Aedes Taxa (Diptera, Culicidae) on a Molecular Phylogeny

Breeding structure of three snow pool Aedes mosquito species in northern Colorado

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