Morphological and heartwood variation of <i>Santalum macgregorii</i> in Papua New Guinea

Page, Tony; Jeffrey, G. K.; Hettiarachchi, D.S.; Boyce, Mary C.; Lata, A.; Oa, L.; Rome, G.

doi:10.1080/00049158.2020.1841440

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Page et al (2010) identified subpopulation-level differences in %HW in a large sample of 264 S. austrocaledonicum trees growing in situ on seven island subpopulations in Vanuatu. Page, Jeffrey et al (2020) similarly found provenance variation in morphological, wood and oil characters among five provenances of S. macgregorii in Papua New Guinea. The differences in these studies may be attributable to subpopulation genetic variation, differences among the sites, or interaction between these.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Oil yield and composition of young Santalum yasi in Fiji and Tonga

Bush

Brophy

Bolatolu³

et al. 2020

Australian Forestry

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Santalum yasi, a sandalwood native to Fiji and Tonga, is a tree crop of significant economic potential for these countries. Development of a plantation industry underpinned by a breeding program is a high priority for industry development. Gathering information on heartwood development, oil yield and oil composition is a critical step for the domestication and tree breeding of the species. Oil yield and composition were determined for 86 Santalum core samples using gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Most (67) cores were from the lower boles of individual trees of S. yasi, with smaller samples of S. album and S. album × S. yasi, both of which are also commonly grown in Fiji and Tonga, and S. austrocaledonicum was included for comparison. Although the ages of the trees were unknown, they are likely to have been between 10 and 20 years. Relationships among traits, including solvent-extracted oil yield, oil composition, lower bole diameters under and over bark, and heartwood diameter, were examined. Yield was highly variable (0.05-11.8%) and only weakly correlated with underbark diameter at 30 cm above ground. Oil yield and percent composition of santalol oil components were strongly positively correlated. For those trees with oil yields >1% w/w, the oil composition was generally favourable relative to the international standard for S. album oil, with large proportions of santalols, particularly β-santalol. The study confirms that both harvesting and selection for genetic improvement of S. yasi trees younger than 20 years old are likely to be suboptimal, with unreliable heartwood and oil development. Further study of heartwood and oil development, both within individual trees and among genotypes in common-garden trials with known genetics and controlled environments and hosts, is a high priority. The development of an international standard for S. yasi, supporting the growth of a niche market for the product, is also recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…A recent study of 126 Santalum macgregorii F. Muell. cores (Page, Jeffrey et al 2020), also using solvent extraction, found yields of less than 1% for all samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Oil yield and composition of young Santalum yasi in Fiji and Tonga

Bush

Brophy

Bolatolu³

et al. 2020

Australian Forestry

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“…Heartwood percentage of Santalum macgregorii was 15.8%, with no significant differences between sites. A positive correlation was found between stem and heartwood diameter (Page et al 2020). The mean heartwood percentage of Indian sandalwood (S. album) trees at ground level (0 m) were 19.2%, and then continued to decrease up the tree to only 2.8% at 3.00 m (Jonathan et al 2012).…”

Section: Heartwood Content and Mai Of Heartwoodmentioning

confidence: 87%

Tree dimension and environmental correlates of heartwood content in Siamese rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)

Meunpong

Penboon²,

Kuasakun

et al. 2021

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Meunpong P, Penboon C, Kuasakun N, Wachrinrat C. 2021. Tree dimension and environmental correlates of heartwood content in Siamese rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis). Biodiversitas 22: 3297-3303. Siamese rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis) is considered amongst the prime timber varieties in high demand with the wood fetching high prices in the international timber market. Therefore, illegal logging and smuggling of Siamese rosewood from natural forests poses a severe problem in Thailand. Heartwood and its content is the most valuable part of Siamese rosewood, which in practice, cannot be measured directly in living trees. Hence, we investigated the relationship between the heartwood content of Siamese rosewood, and tree dimension and environmental characteristics across eleven plantations throughout Thailand construct a model for predicting the heartwood content using specific environmental variables. The results indicate that there were differences in the mean annual increment of all measurement parameters (d0, d30, dbh, and total height of a tree) across eleven plantations studied. However, we did not find any statistically significant differences between the increments in heartwood diameter. Furthermore, we found that suitable location for Siamese rosewood plantation could result in doubling of growth rate. We report that dbh was the most relevant variable and could be used as a predictor for heartwood content. In terms of environmental variables, soil properties at top layer that affect the heartwood content were particle density, organic matter, and silt particles. Using the resulted equation formulated in this study may be useful when planning areas for suitable plantations of Siamese rosewood in Thailand.

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“…The harvesting of S. macgregorii in PNG dates to the late nineteenth century and has continued intermittently ever since. In more recent decades, there have been reports of sporadic overharvesting (Paul 1990;Kiapranis 2006), leading to the species becoming rare in the wild (Page, Jeffrey et al 2020). Despite this, the trade in sandalwood continues today, with stands harvested in parts of Kairuku-Hiri District in Central Province and in Gulf Province due to increased accessibility from improved road networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies of oil properties in S. macgregorii have demonstrated remarkable variation between individual trees (Brophy et al 2009;Page, Jeffrey et al 2020). For the two most important fragrant compounds, α-and β-santalol, trees ranged from negligible amounts to very high levels that meet the international standard for Santalum album L. (ISO 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandalwood trade and development in Papua New Guinea

Rome¹,

Turia²,

et al. 2020

Australian Forestry

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The harvest and trade of sandalwood (Santalum macgregorii) from natural stands began in Papua New Guinea (PNG) in the late nineteenth century. Sporadic harvesting has occurred intermittently since then and continues to this day, with little active management to promote regeneration. This study was undertaken to determine the state of natural sandalwood resources in PNG, clarify the associated regulations for monitoring its trade and export, and identify practical options for local resource restoration through family and clan plantings. We studied export permit data, interviewed resource owners and traders, evaluated forestry legislation and regulation and engaged landowners in three areas of the country to establish sandalwood plantings. We found few regulations or monitoring protocols for sandalwood harvesting and trade in PNG. Export declarations are the only means for reporting the grades and volumes traded. There is evidence that both grades and prices have been underdeclared at point of export. No export permits in the last eight years contained records of any high-grade (A) products, and declared export values were lower than domestic prices paid to resource owners. Export records since 1997 reveal that significant volumes of up to 126 tonnes annually were traded in the early 2000s. The natural resource is yet to fully recover, with much lower volumes exported.To address the reduction in availability of natural sandalwood, we engaged landowners in three locations to establish sandalwood plantings. The results demonstrate that sandalwood, grown in agroforestry systems, can be productive in PNG, with mean basal stem diameter increments of up to 2.0 cm y −1 recorded. To further develop the sandalwood sector in PNG, we make four recommendations: (1) establish a ten-year moratorium on the sandalwood trade to enable the recovery of natural populations; (2) develop a product grading and sales registry system to improve trade transparency and monitoring; (3) reallocate the tax revenues generated from sandalwood exports to the PNG Forest Authority to fund the monitoring of harvesting and trade; and (4) promote options for resource restoration through family garden, boundary and enrichment plantings. The sandalwood industry in PNG has the potential to be viable and sustainable if the proposed recommendations are adopted by appropriate stakeholders to manage production and regulate the trade in the country and internationally.

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Morphological and heartwood variation of Santalum macgregorii in Papua New Guinea

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Oil yield and composition of young Santalum yasi in Fiji and Tonga

Oil yield and composition of young Santalum yasi in Fiji and Tonga

Tree dimension and environmental correlates of heartwood content in Siamese rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)

Sandalwood trade and development in Papua New Guinea

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