Morphological and histological differences among three types of component roots and their differential contribution to water uptake in the rice root system

Watanabe, Yumika; Takuya, Kabuki; Kakehashi, Takahiro; Kano‐Nakata, Mana; Mitsuya, Shiro; Yamauchi, Akira

doi:10.1080/1343943x.2020.1730701

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The anatomy of the duckweed root is also highly similar to that of lateral roots in Pistia. This cellular arrangement is similar to that of fine lateral roots of other monocot species (Watanabe et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Duckweed roots are dispensable and are on a trajectory toward vestigiality

Bishopp

Ware

Jones

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Duckweeds are morphologically simplified, free floating aquatic monocots comprising both rooted and rootless genera. This has led to the idea that roots in these species may be vestigial, but empirical evidence supporting this is lacking. Here we show that duckweed roots are no longer required for their ancestral role of nutrient uptake. Comparative analyses of nearly all rooted duckweed species revealed a highly reduced anatomy, with greater simplification in the more recently diverged genus Lemna. A series of root excision experiments demonstrated that roots are dispensable for normal growth in Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna minor. Furthermore, ionomic analyses of fronds in these two species showed little difference in the elemental composition of plants in rooted versus root-excised samples. In comparison, another free-floating member of the Araceae, Pistia stratiotes, which colonized the aquatic environment independently of duckweeds, has retained a more complex root anatomy. Whilst Pistia roots were not absolutely required for growth, their removal inhibited plant growth and resulted in a broad change in the mineral profile of aerial tissues. Collectively, these observations suggest that duckweeds and Pistia may be different stages along a trajectory towards root vestigialisation Given this, along with the striking diversity of root phenotypes, culminating in total loss in the most derived species, we propose that duckweed roots are a powerful system with which to understand organ loss and vestigiality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Duckweed roots are dispensable and are on a trajectory toward vestigiality

Bishopp

Ware

Jones

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In rice, Kono et al (1972) documented two types of lateral roots: L-type, which is relatively thick and long and has lateral roots, and S-type, which is thin and short and does not have lateral roots. The morphological and anatomical structures and functions of individual roots differ depending on their type (e.g., Tajima et al 2008, Watanabe et al 2020.…”

Section: Root Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of individual root traits to understand crop root system in agronomic and environmental contexts

Tajima

2021

Breed. Sci.

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Resource acquisition, one of the major functions of roots, can contribute to crop growth and mitigating environmental impacts. The spatio-temporal distribution of roots in the soil in relation to the dynamics of the soil resources is critical in resource acquisition. Root distribution is determined by root system development. The root system consists of many individual roots of different types and ages. Each individual root has specific development, resource acquisition, and transport traits, which change with root growth. The integration of individual root traits in the root system could exhibit crop performance in the various environments via root distribution in the soil. However, the relationship between individual root traits and the pattern of root distribution is complicated. To understand this complicated relationship, we need to evaluate enormous numbers of individual root traits and understand the relationship between individual root development and root distribution as well as the integrated functions of individual root traits along with dynamics of resources in the soil.

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“…In rice, distinct classes of lateral roots, S-type (thin) and L-type (thick) have been identified that are distinguishable by their diameter, but also branching ability [65,66]. Recently those LR types have also been indicated to have different functions in water and nutrient uptake and transport [67,68]. If these different diameters do also indicate different LR functions in Sorghum would be interesting to investigate in future experiments, especially with resource limited conditions.…”

Section: Diverse Set Of Sorghum Genotypes With Much Higher Belowground Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Sorghum Root Traits Can Contribute to Cereal Yield Increase

Wojciechowski¹,

Kant²

2021

Cereal Grains - Volume 2

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In recent decades the effects of climate change became more visible and the problems it causes for agricultural production and yield maintenance. Future crops need to be higher yielding than today, but at the same time more resilient to drought and increased temperatures, especially in drought-prone regions with erratic precipitation. Sorghum, more heat and drought tolerant than maize, presents an interesting candidate for potential genetic material to provide this increased resilience, containing traits and the underlying genetic loci conferring better performance. Compared to the above-ground tissues, root systems are less investigated, but an improvement in this “hidden half” also improves yield. Due to their close relationship, findings in sorghum may be easily incorporated into maize breeding programs. In this chapter we will review recent literature on sorghum and other cereal root system improvements and provide unpublished data on the natural variation of sorghum root development.

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Morphological and histological differences among three types of component roots and their differential contribution to water uptake in the rice root system

Abstract: Yamauchi (2020) Morphological and histological differences among three types of component roots and their differential contribution to water uptake in the rice root system,

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Duckweed roots are dispensable and are on a trajectory toward vestigiality

Duckweed roots are dispensable and are on a trajectory toward vestigiality

Importance of individual root traits to understand crop root system in agronomic and environmental contexts

How Sorghum Root Traits Can Contribute to Cereal Yield Increase

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