Morphological and histological studies of the adrenal gland in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

Abstract

The adrenal gland is a vital endocrine gland that secretes many important hormones in everyday bird life. The adrenal gland of the Japanese quail is grossly located ventromedially the corresponding kidney and has a creamy to yellow color. The quail gland is surrounded by a capsule and contains some ganglionic cells, and the capsule is characterized by the presence of chromaffin cells. The adrenal gland is subdivided into three concentric zones: subcapsular, peripheral, and central. The parenchyma consists of interrenal tissue, chromaffin islets, and blood sinusoids. The interrenal cells contain lipid droplets, are arranged in cords, and rest on the basement membrane. Chromaffin cells are categorized as two types: epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) cells. These cells contain the granules, and are characterized by the presence of lipid droplets. In this study, the interrenal tissue was found to have a higher proportion of chromaffin cells in quail as compared with other birds, which is attributed to the fact that the Japanese quail is a migratory bird. Therefore, the present investigation aims to provide a detailed study on the adrenal gland in the Japanese quail to help physiologists understand the gland's function and the pathologist to determine the implications for the differential diagnosis of adrenal gland tumors. Highlights The adrenal gland is subdivided into three concentric zones: subcapsular, peripheral, and central. The interrenal cells contain lipid droplets, are arranged in cords. Chromaffin cells are categorized as two types: epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) cells. These cells contain the granules, and are characterized by the presence of lipid droplets. The interrenal tissue was found to have a higher proportion of chromaffin cells in quail because it is a migratory bird.

Lactoferrin improves the immune response and resistance of silver carp, a hematological, light (histochemical and immunohistochemical), fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopic study

“…As described by Abd‐Elhafeez and Soliman (2016), Abdel‐latief Soliman and Ali Emeish (2017), Abd‐Elhafeez, Soliman, et al (2021), Mustafa and El‐Desoky (2020), Mustafa and Elhanbaly (2020), Soliman (2021), Soliman (2017a, 2017c), Soliman and Madkour (2017), Anwar et al (2021), Abdel‐Maksoud et al (2019), Abd‐Elhafeez and Soliman (2017), and El‐Desoky and Mustafa (2021), scanning images were digitally colored using Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Adobe, CA, USA). The color balance was changed to the desirable color degree.…”

Features of the microscopic structure of the adrenal gland of geese

“…Згідно з дослідженнями Tang et al (2009), Jabbar et al (2021), на сагітальному розрізі надниркової залози страусів, качок і цесарок розрізняється дві зони: периферична (субкапсулярна) і внутрішня (центральна). У наднирковій залозі гусей нами зареєстровано три ділянки: субкапсулярний шар, периферичну і центральну зони, що підтверджує результати досліджень інших авторів (Humayun et al, 2012;Kober et al, 2012;El-Desoky & El-Zahraa, 2021), які досліджували надниркову залозу курей, цесарок і перепілок. В центральній зоні надниркової залози гусей реєструється надниркова вена (див.…”

Post‐hatching developmental changes in the adrenal gland of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): Histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic studies

“…(Randall et al 2002; Peng et al, 2005). They are located in the abdominal cavity cranio‐medially to the anterior pole of the kidneys just caudal to the lung and just anterior to the bifurcation of the caudal vena cava close to the gonads (Dadgar Moghadam & Mohammadpour, 2017; El‐Desoky & Mustafa, 2021). The avian adrenal glands have a unique structural organization that differs greatly from that of mammals.…”

“…The adrenal cortex in birds does not encapsulate the medulla but is intermingled with it, so they are like the adrenal glands of amphibians, reptiles, and some fish (Gaber & Abdel‐Maksoud, 2019), this intermingling occur during both embryonic and post hatching periods (Al‐Jebori et al, 2016). The avian adrenal glands have adrenocortical subpopulations or interrenal cells, which are similar to the mammalian adrenal cortex and medullary chromaffin cells (Carsia, 2015; El‐Desoky & Mustafa, 2021). The avian interrenal tissue produces glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.…”