Morphological and metabolic characterization of a new species of strictly anaerobic rumen fungus: Neocallimastix joyonii

Abstract

A new strain of strictly anaerobic fungi was isolated from the rumen of sheep. This strain is characterized by a polycentric thallus, an extensive and polynuclear rhizomycelium, polyflagellated zoospores with gamma particle-like bodies. We propose to assign this strain in a new species: Neocallimastix joyonii.

Characterization of an anaerobic fungus from Ilama faeces

“…Within this family six genera have been recognized : Neocallimastix (Heath et al, 1983 ;Orpin, 1975 ;Orpin & Munn, 1986), Piromyces (previously Piromonas) (Breton et al, 1991;Li et al, 1990;Orpin, 1977 a), Caecomyces (previously Sphaeromonas) (Orpin, 1976;Gold et al, 1988), Anaeromyces (Breton et al, 1990), Orpinomyces (Barr et al, 1989) (Ho et al, 1990), which differ from each other primarily in the number of flagella attached to their zoospores and in the appearance of their thallus. Other morphological characteristics, such as shape and size of sporangia and zoospores, have been used in the characterization of anaerobic chytridiomycetes (Barr et al, 1989 ;Breton et al, 1989Breton et al, , 1990Breton et al, , 1991Lowe et al, 1987;Orpin, 1975Orpin, , 1976Orpin, , 1977aWubah et al, 1991).…”

“…Carbohydrate utilization and fermentation products have been studied for many strains of different genera (Breton et al, 1989(Breton et al, , 1990(Breton et al, , 1991Kostyukovsky et al, 1991;Mountfort & Asher, 1985;Orpin, 1975, 1976, 1977b, Orpin & Letcher, 1979Phillips & Gordon, 1988 ;Theodorou et al, 1988).…”

Comparison of growth characteristics of anaerobic fungi isolated from ruminant and non-ruminant herbivores during cultivation in a defined medium

“…Subsequently polycentric species have been described, e.g. Orpinomyces bovis (Barr et al, 1989) and Neocallimastix joyonni (Breton et al, 1989). Up to now, six anaerobic fungi isolated from foregut fermenters (sheep, cow) have been classified, namely : Neocallimastix patriciarum (Orpin & Munn, 1986), Neocallimastix frontalis (Heath et al, 1983), Neocallimastix joyonni (Breton et al, 1989), Piromyces communis (Orpin, 1977), Caecomyces communis (Orpin, 1976(Orpin, , 1988 and Orpino--myces bovis (Barr et al, 1989).…”

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulolytic Anaerobic Fungi from the Guts of the Hanwoo Cattle and the Korean Native Goat

“…Mineral Solution I, ml 1) Mineral Solution II, ml 2) Macro B solution, ml 3) Trace B solution, ml 4) VFA mixture solution, ml 5) Rumen fluid, ml 6) 0.1% Resazurin solution, ml 0.1% Hemin solution, ml 8% NaCO3 solution, ml…”

“…5) Acetate, 6.85 ml; propionate, 3.0 ml; butyrate, 1.84 ml; isovalerate, 0.05 ml; isobutyrate, 0.47 ml; DL--α methylbutyrate, 0.05 ml; and n-valerate, 0.55 ml in 700 ml of 0.2M NaOH; adjust to pH 7.5 wtih 1M NaOH then make to 1,000 ml with DW. 6) Rumen fluid was obtained by filtering rumen contents, obtained from cattle on rice straw-concentrate ration, through two layers of gauze to remove the large particles and is stored under carbon dioxide in plastic bottles in the refrigerator at -20 . It was melted and centrifuged at 25,000 × g for 10 min just before media were prepared.…”