Morphological and Molecular Analyses of Rheophytic Rhododendron ripense and Its Allied Dryland Species R. macrosepalum (Ericaceae)

Yokoyama, Nanako; Hayakawa, Hiroshi; Matsuyama, Katsuhiko; Muroi, Miwako; Ohga, Kyohei; Ito, Katsura; Arakawa, Ryo; Fukuda, Tatsuya

doi:10.2525/ecb.50.305

Environ. Control Biol.

2012

DOI: 10.2525/ecb.50.305

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Morphological and Molecular Analyses of Rheophytic Rhododendron ripense and Its Allied Dryland Species R. macrosepalum (Ericaceae)

Nanako Yokoyama

Hiroshi Hayakawa

Katsuhiko Matsuyama

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…Plant groups, including F. japonicum var. luchuense, inhabiting riverbanks with these leaf morphological characteristics such as narrow leaves are called rheophytes (van Steenis, 1981), and some studies have reported the convergent evolution of many phylogenetically distinct taxa of ferns and angiosperms (Imaichi and Kato, 1992;Yamada et al, 2011;Ohga et al, 2012;Ueda et al, 2012;Yokoyama et al, 2012;Matsui et al, 2013;Shiba et al, 2021). Thus, varieties of F. japonicum have been studied for both pharmaceutical purposes and ecological research.…”

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Effect of strong wind on laminas and petioles of Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam. var. japonicum (Asteraceae)

2023

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Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam. var. japonicum grows mainly in the coastal areas of Japan. Meteorological recording data from natural habitats were used to investigate the factors associated with the laminas and petioles of radical leaves of F. japonicum var. japonicum to avoid or resist higher wind stress. Our morphological and mechanical results indicated that petiole length and petiole cross-sectional area had a weak correlation with wind speed and breaking strength, and the petiole second area moment of inertia did not differ significantly among populations. However, both lamina area and petiole length per petiole cross-sectional area decreased with increasing wind speed, indicating that F. japonicum var. japonicum resisted or avoided an increase in wind speed outdoors by reducing the lamina area and petiole length per petiole cross-sectional area without qualitative changes in their petioles. The results of this study indicated that densely distributed recording stations of the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) by the Japan Meteorological Agency can be used for environmental adaptation studies of plants in the field using nearby plant populations.

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Effect of strong wind on laminas and petioles of Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam. var. japonicum (Asteraceae)

2023

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Impact on the scape of Farfugium japonicum var. japonicum (Asteraceae) under strong wind conditions based on morphological and mechanical analyses

Shiba,

Arihara,

Harada

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Adaptation of Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam. var. japonicum (Asteraceae) to the strong wind environment of coastal areas has been shown to reduce lamina size and shorten petioles; however, their effects on other traits of this species remain unknown. Our morphological analyses showed that shortening of the scape of this species is correlated with shortening of the petiole in coastal areas. The results suggested that when the height of the scapes became higher than that of the petioles, the wind stress on the scapes became stronger and their growth was suppressed. Therefore, the populations in coastal areas with strong winds had significantly shorter scapes than inland populations, and the height of petioles and scapes in the coastal populations were correlated. Further mechanical analysis by three-point bending tests revealed that the scapes had higher strength than the petioles. This species is evergreen and can produce new leaves regardless of the season, even if it loses its leaves by strong winds; however, because scapes only develop above ground for a limited period of the year, the loss of the scapes by strong winds has a significant impact on reproduction in that year. Therefore, even though the scapes were stronger than the petiole, shortening the scapes plays an important role in reducing strong wind stress in coastal areas.

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Decrease in wind stress leads to an increase in the above ground morphology and number of seeds of an invasive alien species, Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae)

Shiba,

Kobayashi,

Harada

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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We conducted comparative analyses using an open-top chamber (OTC) to reduce wind stress to clarify the impact of decreased wind stress on the invasive species Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae), which ranks among the worst 100 species on the Invasive Alien Species List in Japan. Morphological analyses revealed that the number and size of leaves in the OTC group were significantly higher than those in the control group (wind). There was also a significantly higher investment in stems in the former than in the latter. No significant differences were observed in root dry mass; however, the resource allocation ratio to the roots was significantly higher in the wind group than in the OTC group. Although the total seed mass was greater in the OTC group, there were no significant differences in the ratio of resource allocation to seeds between the groups, and no significant differences were observed in the mass of each seed. However, the number of seeds was significantly higher in the OTC group. Adaptive changes in the leaves, stems, and roots to avoid and/or resist wind were reflected in differences in the number of seeds. In addition, a decrease in wind stress contributed to an increase in the number of seeds in B. pilosa. Such mechanisms are likely widespread because B. pilosa is often highly abundant in urban systems.

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Morphological and Molecular Analyses of Rheophytic Rhododendron ripense and Its Allied Dryland Species R. macrosepalum (Ericaceae)

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of strong wind on laminas and petioles of Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam. var. japonicum (Asteraceae)

Effect of strong wind on laminas and petioles of Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam. var. japonicum (Asteraceae)

Impact on the scape of Farfugium japonicum var. japonicum (Asteraceae) under strong wind conditions based on morphological and mechanical analyses

Decrease in wind stress leads to an increase in the above ground morphology and number of seeds of an invasive alien species, Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae)

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