Morphological and molecular characteristics of hemoparasites in vaillant’s frogs (Lithobates vaillanti)

Isaak-Delgado, Ana Belem; López-Díaz, Osvaldo; Romero-Callejas, Evangelina; Martínez‐Hernández, Fernando; Muñoz-García, Claudia I.; Villalobos, Guiehdani; Rendón-Franco, Emilio

doi:10.1007/s00436-020-06689-1

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…For hemoparasites, prevalence was calculated as the number of infected hosts from the total host number, and the intensity of infection was calculated as the total number of hemoparasites in 100 fields at 40× magnification. 19 Contingency tables were performed for intra-species comparisons and prevalence of hemoparasites, considering all hemoparasites genera as a group and each genus individually. Thereafter, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the effect of hemoparasites on the blood values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Co-infections were observed in the present study, as reported for hemoparasites in amphibians from other countries. 19,26,28,30,31,37,38 Nevertheless, host-parasite interactions are affected by factors such as the types of parasites, the timing of arrival to the host, and the intensity of infection. Further research is needed for a better understanding of the infection dynamics in amphibians, as other pathogens (like viruses or fungi) can be present, affecting the hematologic values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…site, using a hand net. 19 Handling was made with nitrile gloves, and each anuran was placed in an individual plastic container, which was marked with the site of collection.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,8 Blood parameters, including erythrocytes, hematocrits, and erythroplastids, indicate the oxygenation capacity or changes in the oxygenation efficiency, [8][9][10][11] while the leukogram may provide information on several conditions, including inflammation, infection, or stress responses. 5,12,13 Most hematologic parameters reported in amphibians come from the most abundant and morphologically large species, 7,[14][15][16][17][18][19] while some threatened species (small or rare) are left behind.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hematologic parameters and the effect of hemoparasites of wild anurans in Northern Sinaloa, Mexico

Delgado

Zavala‐Norzagaray

Espinoza-Romo

et al. 2023

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Background: Few hematologic profiles for free-ranging amphibians are available.Hematologic evaluation is a useful tool for determining the health of amphibian populations and providing further knowledge for conservation actions.Objectives: Hematologic variables and the presence and effect of hemoparasites in anuran species were evaluated in Northern Sinaloa, Mexico.Methods: Blood samples were collected from wild anurans of eight species to perform blood cell counts, leukocyte differential counts, and serum protein concentrations using manual methods and refractometry. In addition, morphologic identification and quantification of the hemoparasites were performed on blood smears. Results: Differences were observed by sex, age, and season for the hematologic values of Incilius alvarius (n = 23), Incilius mazatlanensis (n = 46), Rhinella horribilis (n = 64), Leptodactylus melanonotus (n = 46), Lithobates forreri (n = 135), Lithobates catesbeianus (n = 20), Smilisca fodiens (n = 42), and Scaphiopus couchii (n = 7). Intra-and extra-erythrocytic hemoparasites were found in 56.2% of amphibian hosts; the hemoparasite infection of R. horribilis and L. melanonotus was higher in the dry season,showing increases in erythroplastids and monocytes. For L. forreri, males were more infected than females, and increases in leukocytes were associated with infections of different types of hemoparasites species.Conclusions: Hematologic values, hemoparasite prevalence, and the response to hemoparasite infection vary among amphibian species, sex, and age, as well as on season and hemoparasite type. This highlights the importance of hematologic evaluations in wild amphibian populations to determine the subclinical effects of hemoparasite infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…site, using a hand net. 19 Handling was made with nitrile gloves, and each anuran was placed in an individual plastic container, which was marked with the site of collection.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hematologic parameters and the effect of hemoparasites of wild anurans in Northern Sinaloa, Mexico

Delgado

Zavala‐Norzagaray

Espinoza-Romo

et al. 2023

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…Amphibians are the transitional group of vertebrates from aquatic to terrestrial mode of life. In recent decades, a pandemic loss in amphibian biodiversity has occurred due to the destruction of ecological environment, climate change, and the spread of diseases ( Zhou et al, 2004 ; Bricker, Raskin & Densmore, 2012 ; Isaak-Delgado et al, 2020 ; Gavel et al, 2021 ). However, the immune system and the defence mechanisms of amphibians are poorly known, relatively few studies were reported on the morphology and especially the cytochemistry of amphibian blood cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and cytochemical patterns of peripheral blood cells of tiger frog (Rana rugulosa)

Chen

Huang

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Background Tiger frog (Rana rugulosa) is a national second-class protected amphibian species in China with an important ecological and economic value. In recent years, due to excessive human hunting, pollution and habitat loss, the wild population of tiger frog has declined sharply. To protect wildlife resources, the artificial breeding of tiger frogs has rapidly developed in China. Diseases are increasing and spreading among tiger frogs due to the increasing scale of artificial farming. The blood examination is the most straightforward and less invasive technique to evaluate the animal health condition. Thus, it is essential to obtain the normal hematological indicators of tiger frogs. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphometry, microstructure and cytochemical patterns of peripheral blood cells in tiger frogs. Methods The number of blood cells in tiger frogs was counted on a blood count board, and the cell sizes were measured by a micrometer under light microscope. The morphology and classification of blood cells were studied by Wright-Giemsa staining, and the cytochemical pateerns was investigated by various cytochemical staining including periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Sudan black B (SBB), peroxidase (POX), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), chloroacetic acid AS-D naphthol esterase (CAE) and α-naphthol acetate esterase (ANAE) staining. Results Besides erythrocytes and thrombocytes, five types of leukocytes were identified in tiger frogs: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. The mean erythrocyte, leukocyte and thrombocyte counts were 1.33 ± 0.15 million/mm3, 3.73 ± 0.04 × 104/mm3 and 1.7 ± 0.01 × 104/mm3, respectively. Small lymphocytes were the most abundant leukocytes, followed by large lymphocytes, Neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes, basophils were the fewest. Eosinophils were strongly positive for PAS, positive for SBB, POX, ACP, CAE, ANAE, while weakly positive for AKP staining; basophils were strongly positive for PAS, ACP, positive for SBB, CAE, weakly positive for ANAE, negative for AKP, POX staining; neutrophils were strongly positive for ACP, SBB, positive for PAS, POX, weakly positive for AKP, CAE and ANAE staining; monocytes were positive for PAS, SBB, ANAE, weakly positive for ACP, AKP, POX, CAE staining; large lymphocytes and thrombocytes were positive for PAS, ACP, weakly positive for ANAE, while negative for SBB, POX, AKP, CAE; small lymphocytes were similar to large lymphocytes, except for strongly positive for PAS and ACP staining. Conclusions The blood cell types and morphology of tiger frogs were generally similar to those of other amphibians, while their cytochemical patterns had some notable species specificity.Our study could enrich the knowledge of peripheral blood cell morphology and cytochemistry in amphibians, and provide baseline data for health condition evaluation and disease diagnosis of tiger frogs.

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Diversity of Haemogregarine Parasites Infecting Brazilian Anurans, with a Description of New Species of Dactylosoma (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina: Dactylosomatidae)

et al. 2022

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Morphological and molecular characteristics of hemoparasites in vaillant’s frogs (Lithobates vaillanti)

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Hematologic parameters and the effect of hemoparasites of wild anurans in Northern Sinaloa, Mexico

Hematologic parameters and the effect of hemoparasites of wild anurans in Northern Sinaloa, Mexico

Morphology and cytochemical patterns of peripheral blood cells of tiger frog (Rana rugulosa)

Diversity of Haemogregarine Parasites Infecting Brazilian Anurans, with a Description of New Species of Dactylosoma (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina: Dactylosomatidae)

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