Morphological and molecular characterization of Nosema pernyi, a microsporidian parasite in Antheraea pernyi

Abstract

Nosema pernyi is a lethal pathogen that causes microsporidiosis in the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi. In this study, we presented its morphological and some molecular characteristics. The mature spores were measured to be 4.36 × 1.49 μm. The spore wall consisted of an electron-dense exospore (EX) and electron-lucent endospore (EN) layer. The polar filament (PF) was isofilar with 10-12 coils that were frequently arranged in a single row. Investigation results indicated that N. pernyi can infect the gut wall, silk glands, and other tissues. A full-length SMART cDNA library of N. pernyi was constructed, and then 824 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were sequenced. Ninety unigenes, out of 197 assembled unigenes, showed significant homology to known genes of Nosema ceranae, Nosema bombycis, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, and other microsporidian species. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the α- and β-tubulin genes and amino acid sequence of actin gene, phylogenetic trees analysis showed that N. pernyi was closely related to Nosema philosamiae and Nosema antheraeae. It was correctly assigned to the Nosema group.

Effects of Thelytokous Parthenogenesis-Inducing Wolbachia on the Fitness of Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Superparasitised and Single-Parasitised Hosts

“…Some studies doubted that the abortion of Trichogramma offspring may be caused by the vertical transmitted pathogens like Nosema spp. and pathogenic bacteria in host eggs (Pu, 1983;Ruan et al, 2000;Qin, 2015;Zhao et al, 2019). Therefore, further investigations need to be carried out to bridge the gaps in knowledge pertaining to the pathogenicity of the pathogens in Trichogramma.…”

Optimal clutch size for quality control of bisexual and Wolbachia‐infected thelytokous lines of Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) mass reared on eggs of a substitutive host, Antheraea pernyi Guérin‐Méneville (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

“…59,60 Antheraea pernyi eggs contain several vertical transmitted insect pathogens like Nosema spp. 61,62 and some pathogenic bacterial species. 63,64 Previous studies have doubted that these pathogens may be the major cause of the abortion of Trichogramma offsprings during mass-rearing.…”

“…For example, Wolbachia can block viral genome replication during early infection in Drosophila melanogaster . Antheraea pernyi eggs contain several vertical transmitted insect pathogens like Nosema spp . and some pathogenic bacterial species .…”

Niche and ecosystem preference of earliest diverging fungi in soils

“…These fungi usually have a parasitic intracellular lifespan with the capacity for phagotrophy (Letcher et al 2018 ; Karpov et al 2018 ), but their free-living status is still limited known. Zoospores are the infection propagules to invade host cells by the encyst sticking to the surface and germinating to a thallus into the host cell for Aphelida, Rozellosporida, and probably NCLC1 (Karpov et al 2014 ; Letcher et al 2018 ; Chambouvet et al 2019 ) or by the polar tube to penetrate the host cell for Microsporida (Keeling and Doolittle 1996 ; Wang et al 2015 ; Corsaro et al 2020 ). There are some concerns about the correct taxon names of EDF (Tedersoo et al 2018 ).…”