Morphological and molecular identification of Acanthocheilonema reconditum in a canine

Engelmann, Ana Martiele; Schafer, Andressa S.; Lhamas, Cibele Lima; Dornelles, Guilherme Lopes; Cargnelutti, Juliana Felipetto; Ramos, Rafael Antonio Nascimento; Monteiro, Sílvia González; Andrade, Cínthia Melazzo de

doi:10.1007/s00580-018-2859-2

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Martins Pereira et al ( 2004) also described two erratic migrations and ectopic localizations of adult worms, with one dog having adult parasites in the heart (left ventricle), in association with bronchopneumonia and microfilariae in the alveoli, and the other with adult worms in the ovarian large ligament, occasionally found during ovariectomy. Other sporadic clinical abnormalities related with A. reconditum infection included subcutaneous suppurative inflammatory nodules in a naturally infected dog (Engelmann et al 2019). Regarding clinical pathology, few reports have considered the occurrence of haematological and biochemical abnormalities in A. reconditum-infected dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological and biochemical abnormalities in hunting dogs infected with Acanthocheilonema reconditum, associated risk factors, and a European overview

et al. 2021

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Acanthocheilonema reconditum is a filarial parasite transmitted by arthropods (fleas, lice, and ticks) that infect dogs. There is minimal published data available to date on potential haematological and biochemical changes associated with this parasitic infection. Study aims were (i) provide an overview of A. reconditum in Europe, (ii) define A. reconditum prevalence and risk factors in a specific dog population (hunting) from southern Italy, and (iii) assess the frequency of haemato-biochemical abnormalities associated with infection. Blood samples collected from 3020 dogs were tested by a modified Knott’s technique to count and identify microfilariae. Eighty-four dogs were infected by A. reconditum (2.78%; 95% CI 2.19–3.37%). Microfilariae ranged from 1 to 212/ml. Based on clinical examination, all but six dogs with non-specific symptoms were healthy. Haematological abnormalities included leucocytosis (n = 15), with eosinophilia (n = 14) and monocytosis (n = 13). Serum biochemical abnormalities included increased total serum proteins (n = 19), albumins (n = 7), total globulins (n = 14), ALT (n = 1), and ALP (n = 1); one dog was hypoalbuminemic, and BUN was mildly increased in 2 dogs. Risk factors included the province origin (Napoli, OR=5.4, 95%CI: 2.1–14.0; Caserta, OR=5.1, 95%CI: 2.5–10.6), hunting wild mammals (OR=2.8, 95% 95%CI: 1.6–4.8), and ectoparasite infestation (OR=1.9, 95%CI: 1.1–3.1). There was a negative correlation between microfilaraemic load and decreased albumin level (−0.37; p=0.021). Our results showed that A. reconditum circulates within the hunting dog population of southern Italy, with seemingly low pathogenic potential.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological and biochemical abnormalities in hunting dogs infected with Acanthocheilonema reconditum, associated risk factors, and a European overview

et al. 2021

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“…The DNA of each species was obtained from a naturally infected canine blood D. immitis (Corsica 2018), D. repens (Marseille 2018) and A. reconditum (Côte d’Ivoire, 2018). Firstly, 1 mL of each blood was examined by the modified Knott test [9] to identify the microfilaria species and their number, then the microfilaria concentration was ajusted at 1,500 mf/ml by adding Hank’s balanced salt solution (GIBCO®). Therefore, two extractions were performed from 200 µl, (i) from each separately calibrated sample and (ii) after mixing an equal volume of each of them to generate 500 mf/ml per ml of each species.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elsewhere in the world, particularly in Eastern European countries, D. repens is the most endemic parasitic nematode causing subcutaneous infection, which is less virulent but more zoonotic than D. immitis [8]. Hence, both are emerging zoonotic diseases, whereas A. reconditum is an occasional zoonotic agent, which affects the subcutaneous tissue and the perirenal fat [9, 10] and causes the common infection in dogs, but is clinically less important [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a multiplexed qPCRs-based approach for the diagnosis ofDirofilaria immitis, D. repens,Acanthocheilonema reconditumand the others filariosis

Laidoud

Davoust

Varloud³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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27Background: The frequent canine filariosis are caused by zoonotic filarial nematodes 28 called Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens and Acanthocheilonema reconditum (Spirurida: 29 Onchocercidae). The absence of reliable diagnostic tools to diagnose and discriminate 30 between these infections as well as their different forms constitutes a major obstacle to 31 their control. The serological diagnosis of heartworm disease has recently shown both 32 sensitivity and specificity problems. 33Findings: Herein, we developed and set up a novel molecular approach for an improved 34 detection of the occult and non-occult filarioses, especially those caused by A. 35 reconditum, D. immitis and D. repens as well as their differential diagnosis based on 36 qPCRs assays. This approach designated the "Combined multiplex approach", proceeds 37 as follows: Filaria and wolbachia identification using the newly customized 28S-based 38 pan-filarial and 16S-based pan-wolbachia qPCRs, respectively, followed by the fast 39 typing method of positive samples using the triplex qPCR targeting A. reconditum, D. 40 immitis and D. repens, and a duplex qPCR targeting Wolbachia of D. immitis and that of 41 D. repens. The analytical sensitivity of the newly qPCR systems was confirmed by the 42 detection limit of wolbachia and filaria DNA ranged from 5E -1 to 1.5E -4 mf/ml of blood 43 with an R² higher than 0.99, Cohen's Kappa agreement ranged from 0.98 to 1. The 44 approach was complemented by a pan-filarial COI and pan-Wolbachia ftsZ PCR for the 45 identification of other filarial parasites and their Wolbachia, respectively. 46 When tested on clinical samples, the results are as follows: 29.2 % (49/168) tested 47 positive to at least filariae or wolbachiae DNA. 19 samples of them tested positive for 48 filarial DNA, 9 for wolbachia DNA and 21 for both. Filarial species and Wolbachia 49 genotype were also identified by the combined multiplex approach from all the positive 50 samples. The single DNA of D. immitis was identified in 12 samples, D. repens in 7, and 51 3 A. reconditum in 15 samples, the co-infection was observed in 5 samples, 4 for both 52Dirofilaria and one harbored the three species. Therefore, 22 samples were positive for 53 Wolbachia endosymbiont of D. immitis, 3 for that of D. repens and 5 for both genotypes. 54A newly duplex qPCR developed for the differential diagnosis of heartworm and French 55 heartworm (Angiostrongylus vasorum) was successfully validated in vitro. However, no 56 DNA of this latter was detected in canine blood samples used in this study. The 57 immunochromatographic test for dirofilariasis antigen during evaluation before and after 58 thermal pretreatment of sera showed substantial agreement (K=0.6) and weak agreement 59 (K=0.15), respectively. 60 Conclusion:The proposed molecular tool targeting filarial genes and associated 61 Wolbachia genes is a reliable tool for the exploration and diagnosis of occult and non-62 occult canine filariasis. We believe that the current diagnosis of heartworm based on...

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“…4 A. reconditum has been described as an incidental cytologic finding in mass aspirates, including a perianal epithelial tumor and subcutaneous mast cell tumor, but overall, it is relatively sparsely represented in the literature. 5 Old World-endemic Dirofilaria repens, the adults that localize to subcutaneous tissues, can be seen in aspirate samples, including as incidental findings in neoplastic mass aspirates. D repens microfilaria have been reported on the cytology of a perianal gland tumor, mast cell tumor, and hemangiopericytoma.…”

Section: Wheatley and Stowementioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental immitis; a microfilaria medley

Wheatley

Stowe

2022

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Morphological and molecular identification of Acanthocheilonema reconditum in a canine

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Haematological and biochemical abnormalities in hunting dogs infected with Acanthocheilonema reconditum, associated risk factors, and a European overview

Haematological and biochemical abnormalities in hunting dogs infected with Acanthocheilonema reconditum, associated risk factors, and a European overview

Development of a multiplexed qPCRs-based approach for the diagnosis ofDirofilaria immitis, D. repens,Acanthocheilonema reconditumand the others filariosis

Incidental immitis; a microfilaria medley

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