Morphological and Phenotypic Characteristics of the Bovine Nasopharyngeal Mucosa and Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Meek, Haillie C.; Stenfeldt, Carolina; Arzt, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.07.011

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…In that study, lymphoepithelium was only seen in the lungs of cattle with pneumonia indicating that stimulation with a respiratory pathogen could be responsible for its development (Anderson et al, 1986a). In the tracheal mucosa of healthy cattle examined in this investigation, as described in the trachea of healthy horses (Mair et al, 1987) and in the nasopharynx of 8‐month‐ and 8–13‐month‐old healthy cattle (Anderson et al, 1986a; Meek et al, 2022), lymphoepithelium overlying organized lymphoid tissue was present. Possibly, stimulation of cells belonging to the local mucosal immune system, that is, resident APCs, at the proximal sites of the respiratory tract by inhaled microbial antigens and/or the resident flora is involved in the development of lymphoepithelium and mucosal lymphoid tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In healthy human adult lungs, however, BALT is not present (Pabst & Gehrke, 1990), but was found in the lungs of about one third of young children who died from sudden infant death syndrome or other causes (Tschernig et al, 1995). In the respiratory tract of cattle and other animal species, MALT, that is, nasopharynx-, larynx-and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is described (Anderson et al, 1986a;Barman et al, 1996;Chen et al, 1989;Huang et al, 1990;Liebler-Tenorio & Pabst, 2006;Mair et al, 1987Mair et al, , 1988Meek et al, 2022). Information about the phenotypes of immune cells in respiratory MALT, however, is limited and restricted to immunoglobulin containing cells in the mucosa of the tracheobronchial tree of healthy cattle (Anderson et al, 1986b) and to MALT and immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs) in the nasopharynx of healthy cattle (Meek et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the respiratory tract of cattle and other animal species, MALT, that is, nasopharynx-, larynx-and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is described (Anderson et al, 1986a;Barman et al, 1996;Chen et al, 1989;Huang et al, 1990;Liebler-Tenorio & Pabst, 2006;Mair et al, 1987Mair et al, , 1988Meek et al, 2022). Information about the phenotypes of immune cells in respiratory MALT, however, is limited and restricted to immunoglobulin containing cells in the mucosa of the tracheobronchial tree of healthy cattle (Anderson et al, 1986b) and to MALT and immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs) in the nasopharynx of healthy cattle (Meek et al, 2022). In the tracheal mucosa of healthy sheep and horses (Chen et al, 1989;Mair et al, 1987Mair et al, , 1988, lymphoid aggregates or lymphoid nodules, respectively, are described (Chen et al, 1989;Liebler-Tenorio & Pabst, 2006;Mair et al, 1987Mair et al, , 1988) but descriptions about the occurrence of MALT in the bovine trachea, to the best of the author's knowledge, are not available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histological and immunohistochemical characterization of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue and antigen‐presenting cells in trachea and lung of cattle

Thomasmeyer,

Reineking,

Hewicker‐Trautwein

2023

Anat Histol Embryol

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The presence of bronchus‐associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and its structural components has been described in different healthy animal species and in animals with diseases of the respiratory tract. In contrast to normal mammals, BALT is absent in healthy human adult lungs, but has been found in the lungs of children. The histological characteristics of organized mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), its subsets of immune cells and their in situ distribution in the lung of healthy subadult and adult cattle shows close similarities with BALT in humans and other animal species such as sheep, horses and pigs. This study clearly demonstrates that organized MALT also occurs in the tracheal mucosa of cattle. The absence of tracheal MALT and BALT in calves suggest that these structures are not constitutive. In the mucosa of bovine trachea, bronchi and bronchioli, MHC II+ and CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) are located in the epithelium and in the lamina propria mucosae. These DCs are already present in calves soon after birth. Examination of tangential epithelial sheets shows that in the bovine tracheal epithelium, like in man and rat, a dense network of MHC II+ and CD11c+ DCs exists and that their number is considerably higher than in conventional transverse sections. In the bovine tracheal and bronchial epithelium, MHC II+ DCs are extending their dendrites towards the lumen indicating that these DCs possibly are involved in sampling of luminal antigens. The presence of significantly higher numbers of MHC II+ DCs in the tracheal and bronchial/bronchiolar mucosa of older cattle in than in calves possibly results from local stimulation with exogenous antigens during postnatal life. Detection of DCs expressing the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 in calves and cattle suggests maturation of DCs, which is most likely induced by stimulation with exogenous antigens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Histological and immunohistochemical characterization of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue and antigen‐presenting cells in trachea and lung of cattle

Thomasmeyer,

Reineking,

Hewicker‐Trautwein

2023

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…These diseases lead to the loss of milk and meat production due to reduced body gain and individual death; therefore, there has been a strong demand for prevention measures for infectious diseases using mucosal vaccines. In cows, GALT [29], NALT [30], BALT [31], larynx-associated lymphoid tissue [32], and GOALT [14] have been found. CALT has also been reported in cows [20]; however, its histological characteristics and potential as a mucosal immuneinductive and effector site have not been fully clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Histological Characteristics of Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Young and Adult Holstein Cattle

Kosenda,

Ichii,

Yamashita

et al. 2023

Animals

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The conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) has been used as a target site for mucosal vaccinations in several animals. In this study, we compared the morphological features of CALT in the eyelid and third eyelid between Holstein calves and adult cows. In the eyelids, CALTs in the form of diffused lymphoid tissue (DLT) and lymphatic follicles (LF) were observed, where DLTs were dominant and LFs were scarce. The CALTs of cows comprised T-, B-cells, macrophages, and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In particular, B-cells were dominant except in the eyelids of the calves. The epithelial layer covering the CALT is often discontinuous and lacks goblet cells. Cytokeratin18 is strongly expressed in the epithelial layer covering the CALT, except in the third eyelids of adult cows. IgA-positive cells were diffusely distributed in the lamina propria of the conjunctiva of the eyelids and third eyelids. The eyelid CALT area in calves was lower than that in adult cows. Furthermore, the CALT of calves had a lower cellularity of B-cells and a higher cellularity of macrophages than that of adult cows. These histological characteristics indicate that CALT plays a role in the mucosal immune-inductive and effector sites. Furthermore, lower cellularity of B-cells in the CALT of calves indicates that the function of CALT as a mucosal immune induction site is less developed in calves than in adult cows.

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Morphological and Phenotypic Characteristics of the Bovine Nasopharyngeal Mucosa and Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Cited by 2 publications

References 51 publications

Histological and immunohistochemical characterization of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue and antigen‐presenting cells in trachea and lung of cattle

Histological and immunohistochemical characterization of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue and antigen‐presenting cells in trachea and lung of cattle

Histological Characteristics of Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Young and Adult Holstein Cattle

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