Morphological and phenotypic characteristics of donkeys in some regions of Bulgaria

Vlaeva, R.; Georgieva, S.; Barzev, G.; Иванова, Я.В.

doi:10.15547/tjs.2016.01.013

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Height at withers which is reflection of overall body constitution of an individual was also observed to be high in Hassawi donkeys of Egypt & Iraq, Poitevin & Catalan donkeys and Bulgarian donkeys [7] as these donkeys come under the large donkey category. Most of the Indian donkeys match with Balkin, Turkish & Cameroon donkeys with respect to their height at withers [6,8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Phenotypic Clustering of Indian Donkey Population Belonging to Six Agro-Climatic Regions

Ak¹,

Kumar²,

Y³

et al. 2017

J Biodivers Endanger Species

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Donkeys support rural livelihoods and low-income farmer's family by providing economy at minimal maintenance cost. In India, donkeys constitute about 28% of total equine population but these are non-descript local donkeys without any breed characterization. This study describes phenotypic diversity among different donkey populations available in various agro-climatic regions in India including Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, J&K, Haryana, Bihar and Himachal Pradesh for their phenotypic clustering as a distinct breed(s) by considering each population as a separate cluster.Biometric indices of seven local donkey populations were recorded and compared to French Poitou donkey breed which revealed that average body length of donkeys from Spiti, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Baramati, Bihar, Haryana and Leh areas was 97. 09, 101.18, 97.60, 103.68, 96.31, 109 & 95.76 cm, respectively, while Poitou donkeys had significantly higher length(138.79 cm) than indigenous donkey populations. Further height at wither revealed that except leh donkey population, the rest of the donkeys prevalent throughout different agro-climatic regions met a "small standard' pattern. Donkey populations from Leh were fitted in 'Miniature' donkey pattern. All local donkeys were well adapted to their agroclimatic environment and ecology as they were totally dependent upon the grass cover and roughages available within their reach for meeting their nutritional requirement. Coat colour varied across different regions. Black and brown colours were prevalent in donkeys from cold desert regions including Leh and Spiti region. Face length of donkeys from Spiti, Gujarat and Baramati were at par with each other while donkeys from Leh had smallest face length. Cluster analysis based on biometric indices revealed that exotic Poitou donkeys is an out-group as it formed a distinct cluster while Indigenous donkeys belonging to various agro-climatic zones were grouped in three clusters namely, C1-miniature or near miniature donkeys (Leh, Spiti and Bihar regions), C2-small standard ones including donkeys from Rajasthan and Gujarat while cluster C3 having donkeys from Baramati and Haryana region. Poitou cluster was phenotypically different from Cluster 1 as Eucledean cluster distance was maximum with donkeys of this cluster, followed by cluster 2 and cluster 3. This information will be useful for breed classification of these local non-descript donkeys.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Phenotypic Clustering of Indian Donkey Population Belonging to Six Agro-Climatic Regions

Ak¹,

Kumar²,

Y³

et al. 2017

J Biodivers Endanger Species

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“…This limitation arises from the challenges in data availability and the difficulty of monitoring wild animal populations (49). The significant role of donkeys, known to be potential carriers or reservoirs of AHS due to their large population size and wide distribution, cannot be overlooked (50). Excluding donkey data might lead to an underestimation of risk areas or a failure to fully capture the disease’s transmission dynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Historical Determinants of African Horse Sickness: Insights from Predictive Modeling

Kim,

Xu,

Villalan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study marks a pioneering effort in analyzing the global epidemiological patterns of African Horse Sickness (AHS) across different regions. By employing predictive modeling with a comprehensive set of environmental variables, we uncovered overarching global patterns in AHS dynamics, a first in this field. Our analysis revealed significant regional differences influenced by specific climatic conditions, highlighting the disease’s complexity. The study also identifies new high-risk areas for AHS, underscoring the necessity for regionally tailored disease management strategies. Despite some limitations, such as the exclusion of wild equine data, this research offers critical insights for global AHS intervention and prevention, setting a path for future research incorporating broader datasets and socio-economic factors.Author SummaryAHS presents a significant challenge to the global equine industry, impacting both health and economic aspects. Our study highlights the profound effect of climate change, particularly the frequency of extreme climatic events including temperature and humidity variations, on the transmission dynamics of diseases like AHS. In our research, we focused on overcoming the challenges associated with identifying key environmental factors and determining the appropriate geographic scale for a comprehensive global understanding of AHS. Our aim was to bridge existing knowledge gaps and elucidate the fundamental principles governing AHS transmission. This study establishes a solid foundation for understanding the intricate dynamics of AHS and offers practical pathways for conservation efforts. It emphasizes the urgent need for environmentally conscious strategies to protect horse populations and the industries dependent on them. By highlighting the relationship between environmental factors, vector presence, and AHS transmission, our research underscores the importance of a holistic approach to disease mitigation. In conclusion, the findings of our study not only contribute to the scientific understanding of AHS but also serve as a guide for policymakers and practitioners in developing effective strategies for disease management and prevention, tailored to the specific environmental conditions and challenges faced in different regions around the world.

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“…When it comes to the morphological characteristics of donkeys in Bulgaria, extensive research was done by Vlaeva et al (2016). Studying donkeys in three regions in Bulgaria, the authors found that the average withers height was 119.80 ± 8.09 cm with an interval of variation from 99.0 cm to 148.0 cm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exterior traits of domestic donkey in southeastern Serbia were reported by Trailović et al (2011). Extensive research has been done by Vlaeva et al (2016) on the morphological traits of donkeys in Bulgaria. The relationship of head length with ridge height was studied in Romania, Northern Macedonia and Turkey by Urosevic et al (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of morphological parameters of donkey from Austria

Urošević¹,

Drobnjak²,

Vlaeva

et al. 2021

Vet. stn. (Online)

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The donkey, as a work animal, is gradually losing its value. Agriculture industrialization, mechanization of many processes on mountain and valley farms have lead to a reduction of donkey livestock. This reduction gives cause for concern, and is good reason to study all aspects of these domestic animals in order to revive its role, to restart livestock growth in its familiar habitats, and to introduce it into new environments. This study focuses on these aspects. The domestic donkey (Equus asinus) originated from Africa, and there are two kinds of African donkeys: Nubian and Somali. Their enormous, almost mystical, endurance is well known. There is no place in the world where a donkey is not able to perform the most difficult work, above all in transporting goods. A donkey has an amazing capability of stable movement through the most difficult places. For study sample consisted of 44 donkeys (28 males and 16 females) from Austria. The following morphometric parameters were analysed: height at the withers, height at the back, height of the croup, body length, chest depth, chest width, chest circumference anterior, chest circumference posterior, shin circumference, head length, skull length, face length, skull width, face width, length of ears. Measurements were performed using a ruler, tape measure and vernier callipers. The average height at the withers of males was 116.40 cm, ranging from 99.60 to 140.60 cm, while for females, the average was 102.38 cm, ranging from 90.50 to 125.70 cm. Body length of males was on average 121.85 cm with a standard deviation of 11.79, while the mean body length for females is 115.80 cm, with a range of 101.00 to 131.00 cm. Male head length ranged from 48.00 to 71.00 cm, with an average of 55.60 cm, while in females, head length was on average 50.06 cm, ranging from 43.00 to 56.00 cm. Using the Pearson correlation, a very significant or significant positive statistical correlation was observed between almost all parameters of males, while for females, Pearson correlation values had slightly different values than for males. There was no statistically significant correlation between chest width and anterior chest circumference with nearly any other parameters. For females, a negative correlation between the skull width and all other parameters was also observed.

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Morphological and phenotypic characteristics of donkeys in some regions of Bulgaria

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Phenotypic Clustering of Indian Donkey Population Belonging to Six Agro-Climatic Regions

Phenotypic Clustering of Indian Donkey Population Belonging to Six Agro-Climatic Regions

Environmental and Historical Determinants of African Horse Sickness: Insights from Predictive Modeling

Correlation of morphological parameters of donkey from Austria

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