Morphological and Physiological Responses of Ornamental Grasses to Saline Water Irrigation

Hai-feng, Xing; Hershkowitz, Julie; Paudel, Asmita; Sun, Youping; Chen, Ji Jhong; Dai, Xin; Chappell, Matthew

doi:10.21273/hortsci15700-21

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…By the second harvest, the substrate EC increased to 5.11, 9.66, 15.77, and 31.10 dS•m À1 for the corresponding salinity treatments. Consistent with findings in various studies (Paudel et al 2019;Sun and Palmer 2018;Sun et al , 2020Xing et al 2021) using peat-based soilless growing substrate, both leachate and substrate EC increased over time with saline solution irrigation. This rise in leachate and substrate EC reflects the accumulation of salts in the substrate, directly correlating with the observed damage to the plant foliage.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Two Penstemon Species to Saline Water Irrigation

Nepal,

Wang,

Carnahan

et al. 2024

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Penstemon, with more than 250 species native to North America, holds significant aesthetic and ecological value in Utah, supporting diverse pollinators. Despite their significance, the survival of penstemon is threatened by challenges such as habitat loss, climate change, and Utah’s naturally high soil salinity. To address these challenges and understand their adaptability, this study evaluated the salt tolerance of two penstemon species [Penstemon davidsonii (Davidson’s penstemon) and Penstemon heterophyllus (foothill penstemon)] under controlled greenhouse conditions. The aim was to develop baseline information for nursery production and landscape use that utilize reclaimed water for irrigation. Plants were irrigated weekly with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.0 dS·m−1 as control or a saline solution at an EC of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 dS·m−1 for 8 weeks. Half of the plants were harvested after four irrigation events, and the remaining plants were harvested after eight irrigation events. At harvest, visual rating (0 = dead and 5 = excellent without foliage salt damage), plant width, number of shoots, leaf area, shoot dry weight, leaf greenness [Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD)], stomatal conductance, and canopy temperature were collected to assess the impact of salinity stress. In both species, salt damage was dependent on the salinity levels and length of exposure. After four irrigation events, both species exhibited foliage damage that increased in severity with rising EC. The most severe damage was observed in plants receiving saline solution at an EC of 10.0 dS·m−1. After eight irrigation events, P. davidsonii exposed to a saline solution with an EC of 10.0 dS·m−1 received a visual rating of 0, whereas P. heterophyllus had a visual rating of 0.4. Both species exhibited salinity-induced effects, with variations observed in the specific parameters and the degree of response. Penstemon davidsonii exhibited significant salinity stress, as indicated by reduced leaf area, shoot dry weight, SPAD reading, and stomatal conductance with increasing EC of the saline solution. In addition, in both species, at both harvests, canopy temperatures increased either linearly or quadratically by 8% to 36% as the EC levels of the saline solution increased. These results indicate that P. davidsonii was more sensitive to salinity stress than P. heterophyllus.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Two Penstemon Species to Saline Water Irrigation

Nepal,

Wang,

Carnahan

et al. 2024

horts

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“…In most situations, high salinity leads to osmotic stress and ion toxicity in plants, which is reflected in slow growth and wilting of leaves [32]. Similar conclusions were presented in recent studies, such as the plant heights of six ornamental grasses (Acorus gramineus, Andropogon ternarius, Calamagrostis × acutiflora, Carex morrowii, Festuca glauca, and Sporobolus heterolepis) all reduced when the EC of salt solution exceeded 5 dS•m −1 , and S. heterolepis was more stabilized than other species in different salt treatments, which indicated less salt-sensitive characteristics [33]. With the salt treatment in 5 dS•m −1 and 10 dS•m −1 , the growth of Calendula officinalis was restricted by the decline in the percentage of dry matter [34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Physio-Biochemical Responses of Three Aquilegia Species Seedlings to Salt Stress

et al. 2022

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Road deicing salts are widely used during winter in northern China, which makes it essential to choose proper salt-tolerant plant species in urban landscapes. Columbine (Aquilegia) is a herb with high ornamental and commercial values. This study evaluated three Aquilegia species (A. oxysepala, A. parviflora, and A. viridiflora) for salt tolerance by monitoring their germination state under different electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.1 dS·m−1 (distilled water), 1.0 dS·m−1, 2.0 dS·m−1, 3.0 dS·m−1, 4.0 dS·m−1, 5.0 dS·m−1, 6.0 dS·m−1, physio-biochemical responses to different EC of 0.3 dS·m−1 (tap water), 5.0 dS·m−1, and 10.0 dS·m−1. The germination and growth parameters, visual scores, dry weight, leaf stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll contents of three species decreased under salt stress, which was opposite to the changes of electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, proline, and soluble sugar contents. Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity trend differently among species. These results showed that the germination threshold of three species was 6.0 dS·m−1. A. oxysepala was the most salt-tolerant species, with a tolerance threshold of soil conductivity in 2.83 dS·m−1, followed by A. viridiflora and A. parviflora. Therefore, A. oxysepala is suitable for planting as a ground cover in urban areas where deicing salt is applied.

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“…Similarly, Wu et al (2016) and Xing et al (2021) reported that leachate and substrate EC increased with saline water irrigation over time as salts accumulated in the substrate. Salt accumulation is a potential problem when poorquality saline water is used for landscape irrigation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Growth, Gas Exchange, and Mineral Nutrients of Albizia julibrissin and Sophora japonica Irrigated with Saline Water

Paudel

Sun

2022

horts

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Albizia julibrissin (mimosa tree) and Sophora japonica (Japanese pagoda tree) are drought-tolerant landscape plants; however, salinity responses of these two species are not well documented. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological and physiological responses of these two species to three salinity levels in greenhouse conditions. Two studies were conducted in the summer/early fall of 2020 and the spring of 2021. In 2020, uniform plants were irrigated weekly for the first 2 weeks and every other day for the following 3 weeks with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m−1 as a control or saline solution at ECs of 5.0 or 10.0 dS·m−1. In 2021, plants were irrigated weekly for 8 weeks with the same treatment solutions as described previously. Albizia julibrissin and S. japonica survived in both experiments with minimal foliar salt damage (leaf burn or necrosis). Irrigation water at ECs of 5.0 and 10.0 dS·m−1 reduced plant height and dry weight (DW) of both species. In the fall experiment, A. julibrissin irrigated with a saline solution at an EC of 10.0 dS·m−1 had the highest reduction in plant height (61%) compared with the control. Albizia julibrissin and S. japonica irrigated with a saline solution at an EC of 10.0 dS·m−1 had 52% and 47% reductions in shoot DW compared with the control, respectively. In the spring experiment, compared with the control, there were 72% and 45% reductions in height of A. julibrissin and S. japonica, respectively, when irrigated with saline solution at an EC of 10.0 dS·m−1. In addition, compared with the control, A. julibrissin and S. japonica had 58% and 64% reductions in shoot DW, respectively, when irrigated with saline solution at an EC of 10.0 dS·m−1. Increasing salinity levels in the irrigation water also reduced leaf greenness [Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD)], leaf net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gS), and transpiration rate (E) of both species. Furthermore, sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) concentrations in leaves were affected by elevated salinity levels in the irrigation water. Visual score, Pn, gS, and E negatively correlated to Na+ and Cl− concentrations in leaves. But Cl− accumulation had more impact on the growth of A. julibrissin and S. japonica. In summary, both species were tolerant to saline solution irrigation up to 5.0 dS⋅m−1 and moderately tolerant to saline solution irrigation up to 10.0 dS⋅m−1.

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Morphological and Physiological Responses of Ornamental Grasses to Saline Water Irrigation

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Two Penstemon Species to Saline Water Irrigation

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Two Penstemon Species to Saline Water Irrigation

Physio-Biochemical Responses of Three Aquilegia Species Seedlings to Salt Stress

Growth, Gas Exchange, and Mineral Nutrients of Albizia julibrissin and Sophora japonica Irrigated with Saline Water

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