Morphological and plant hormonal changes during parasitization by <i>Cuscuta japonica</i> on <i>Momordica charantia</i>

Furuhashi, Takeshi; Kojima, Mikiko; Sakakibara, Hitoshi; Fukushima, Atsushi; Hirai, Masami Yokota; Furuhashi, Katsuhisa

doi:10.1080/17429145.2013.816790

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Matured somatic embryos in medium supplemented with dodder extract had higher fresh weight and size compared to embryos matured in control medium that resulted in higher embryo conversion rate to plantlet. Although components of C. campestris extract which affects the somatic embryo maturation is not known yet, the HPLC analysis indicated that this parasitic plant has a high level of ABA, which could be in accordance with the findings of Furuhashia et al (2014). They have reported that the content of growth inhibitors, especially free abscisic acid, in C. reflexa is much higher than that of in the host.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Improvement of in vitro embryo maturation, plantlet regeneration and transformation efficiency from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) somatic embryos using Cuscuta campestris extract

Amini

Deljou

Nabiabad

2016

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Developmental deficiency of somatic embryos and regeneration to plantlets, especially in the case of transformation, are major problems of somatic embryo regeneration in alfalfa. One of the ways to overcome these problems is the use of natural plant regulators and nutrients in the culture medium of somatic embryos. For investigating the influence of Cuscuta campestris extract on the efficiency of plant regeneration and transformation, chimeric tissue type plasminogen activator was transferred to explants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and transgenic plants were recovered using medium supplemented with different concentration of the extract. Transgenic plants were analyzed by PCR and RT-PCR. Somatic embryos of Medicago sativa L. developed into plantlets at high frequency level (52 %) in the maturation medium supplemented with 50 mg 1 -1 C. campestris extract as compared to the medium without extract (26 %). Transformation efficiency was 29.3 and 15.2 % for medium supplemented with dodder extract and without the extract, respectively. HPLC and GC/MS analysis of the extract indicated high level of ABA and some compounds such as Phytol, which can affect the somatic embryo maturation. The antibacterial assay showed that the extract was effective against some strains of A. tumefaciens. These results have provided a scientific basis for using of C. campestris extract as a good natural source of antimicrobial agents and plant growth regulator as well, that can be used in tissue culture of transgenic plants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Improvement of in vitro embryo maturation, plantlet regeneration and transformation efficiency from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) somatic embryos using Cuscuta campestris extract

Amini

Deljou

Nabiabad

2016

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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“…Increased cytokinin levels were previously reported during infection by parasitic plants such as Cuscuta spp., mistletoes, Santalum album, and several Orobanchaceae species, but the source of the cytokinins and the biological relevance were unknown (16,17). Here, we demonstrate the parasitic plant Phtheirospermum increases its cytokinin levels upon infection, and these cytokinin species move into the host Arabidopsis.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 75%

Interspecies hormonal control of host root morphology by parasitic plants

Spallek

Melnyk

Wakatake

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Parasitic plants share a common anatomical feature, the haustorium. Haustoria enable both infection and nutrient transfer, which often leads to growth penalties for host plants and yield reduction in crop species. Haustoria also reciprocally transfer substances, such as RNA and proteins, from parasite to host, but the biological relevance for such movement remains unknown. Here, we studied such interspecies transport by using the hemiparasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum during infection of Arabidopsis thaliana. Tracer experiments revealed a rapid and efficient transfer of carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) from host to parasite upon formation of vascular connections. In addition, Phtheirospermum induced hypertrophy in host roots at the site of infection, a form of enhanced secondary growth that is commonly observed during various parasitic plant-host interactions. The plant hormone cytokinin is important for secondary growth, and we observed increases in cytokinin and its response during infection in both host and parasite. Phtheirospermum-induced host hypertrophy required cytokinin signaling genes (AHK3,4) but not cytokinin biosynthesis genes (IPT1,3,5,7) in the host. Furthermore, expression of a cytokinin-degrading enzyme in Phtheirospermum prevented host hypertrophy. Wild-type hosts with hypertrophy were smaller than ahk3,4 mutant hosts resistant to hypertrophy, suggesting hypertrophy improves the efficiency of parasitism. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the interspecies movement of a parasite-derived hormone modified both host root morphology and fitness. Several microbial and animal plant pathogens use cytokinins during infections, highlighting the central role of this growth hormone during the establishment of plant diseases and revealing a common strategy for parasite infections of plants.cytokinin | transport | hypertrophy | parasitism | Arabidopsis P arasitic plants are widespread agricultural pests and account for ∼1% of known flowering plants species (1). Parasitism ranges from holoparasites, which depend entirely on nutrient supply from host plants, to hemiparasites, which obtain nutrients via their own photosynthesis and from their hosts (1). Many hemiparasites do not depend on parasitism but often parasitize when conditions are suitable. These hemiparasitic plants include parasitic plants such as the commonly studied Orobanchaceae species Rhinanthus minor, Triphysaria versicolor, and Phtheirospermum japonicum. Both hemiparasites and holoparasites form specialized organs called haustoria that undergo a developmental transition from proto-haustoria to mature haustoria during the penetration and infection of host tissues to acquire nutrients and water (2). Some parasitic plants such as Striga or Rhinanthus form vascular connections exclusively to host xylem via xylem bridges (xylem-feeding), whereas haustoria of other plants such as Cuscuta or Orobanche also form symplastic phloem-to-phloem connections to host plants (phloem-feeding) (1). In addition to water and nutrients, other ...

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“…As in the Cassytha–Ipomoea interaction, pinitol and quinate were not influenced by parasitization. Indeed, neither HR nor SAR were observed in this interaction [11]. Nonetheless, the energy charge differed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cuscuta japonica seeds were germinated with concentrated sulfuric acid [11]. Seven days after germination (about 10 cm length), the seedlings were used for parasitization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, we focus on the interaction between Cuscuta japonica and Momordica charantia and on that between Cassytha filiformis and Ipomoea pes-caprae . In a previous study, we reported that Cuscuta japonica parasitizing Momordica charantia can grow rapidly, causing hypertrophy and vascular induction at the Momordica stem [11]. Ipomoea pes-caprae is widely distributed along subtropical coastlines and is one of the most common host plants for Cassytha filiformis [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Metabolites in Stem Parasitic Plant Interactions: Interaction of Cuscuta–Momordica versus Cassytha–Ipomoea

Furuhashi

Nakamura

Iwase

2016

Plants

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Cuscuta and Cassytha are two well-known stem parasitic plant genera with reduced leaves and roots, inducing haustoria in their stems. Their similar appearance in the field has been recognized, but few comparative studies on their respective plant interactions are available. To compare their interactions, we conducted a metabolite analysis of both the Cassytha–Ipomoea and the Cuscuta–Momordica interaction. We investigated the energy charge of the metabolites by UFLC (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography), and conducted GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis for polar metabolites (e.g., saccharides, polyols) and steroids. The energy charge after parasitization changed considerably in Cassytha but not in Cusucta. Cuscuta changed its steroid pattern during the plant interaction, whereas Cassytha did not. In the polar metabolite analysis, the laminaribiose increase after parasitization was conspicuous in Cuscuta, but not in Cassytha. This metabolite profile difference points to different lifestyles and parasitic strategies.

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Morphological and plant hormonal changes during parasitization by Cuscuta japonica on Momordica charantia

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Improvement of in vitro embryo maturation, plantlet regeneration and transformation efficiency from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) somatic embryos using Cuscuta campestris extract

Improvement of in vitro embryo maturation, plantlet regeneration and transformation efficiency from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) somatic embryos using Cuscuta campestris extract

Interspecies hormonal control of host root morphology by parasitic plants

Analysis of Metabolites in Stem Parasitic Plant Interactions: Interaction of Cuscuta–Momordica versus Cassytha–Ipomoea

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