Morphological Asymmetry of the Superior Cervical Facets from C3 through C7 due to Degeneration

Vlasselaer, Nicolas Van; Roy, Peter Van; Cattrysse, Erik

doi:10.1155/2017/5216087

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…On the other hand, researchers believe that there is a correlation between facet joint asymmetry and facet joint degeneration. 19 , 44 Preoperative cervical degeneration, including osteophyte formation and facet joint degeneration, are considered as relative contraindications for disc replacement, because it may be related to poor postoperative ROM and heterotopic ossification (HO). 45 , 46 Although we excluded patients with severe facet joint degeneration not suitable for CDA, facet asymmetry may still be associated with some potential degeneration, which could also result in decreased ROM after CDA surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Facet Tropism on Postoperative Cervical Range of Motion After Single-Level Cervical Disc Arthroplasty

Liu

Xiao

Líu

et al. 2021

Global Spine Journal

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Study Design: Retrospective analysis. Objectives: Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) was designed to replace the degenerated disc with the prosthesis to preserve cervical motion. The commonly used artificial discs are designed symmetric, whereas the facet joints were reported to be asymmetric in many people. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of facet tropism on the cervical range of motion (ROM) after single-level CDA using Prestige LP. Methods: A total of 90 patients who underwent single-level CDA using Prestige LP from 2012 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographs were taken at each time point to measure the C2-C7 ROM and the ROM at the surgical segment. The pre-operation CT scans were utilized to reconstruct and calculate the angular direction of facet joints with respect to transverse, coronal, and sagittal reference planes. Facet tropism above 7° was defined as facet joint asymmetry. Results: No significant difference was found in flexion-extension C2-C7 ROM or ROM at the surgical segment between patients with symmetric and asymmetric fact joints regarding the sagittal plane. Patients with coronal asymmetric facet joints had lower flexion-extension ROM at the surgical level. Patients with transverse asymmetric facet joints had both lower flexion-extension C2-C7 ROM and ROM at the surgical level. After CDA surgery, patients obtained good clinical outcomes including increased Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) and decreased Neck Disability Index (NDI) as well as Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Conclusion: The coronal and transverse tropism seemed to be correlated with decreased flexion-extension ROM after CDA using Prestige LP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Facet Tropism on Postoperative Cervical Range of Motion After Single-Level Cervical Disc Arthroplasty

Liu

Xiao

Líu

et al. 2021

Global Spine Journal

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“…If degenerative changes caused the tropism, then both degenerative changes and tropism would be expected to increase with increasing age [11], but this is not the case [12]. Interestingly, although the angle of facets does not appear to alter in the presence of degenerative changes, the size of the facets does appear to increase [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropism of Sub-Axial Cervical Facet Joints Is Not Related to Segmental Movement during Active Movement or Therapist-Perceived Symptomatic Locations

2021

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Tropism, or asymmetry, of facet joints in the cervical spine has been found to be related to degenerative changes of the joints and discs. Clinicians often assume that differences in segmental mobility are related to tropism. The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between asymmetry of facet joints in the sub-axial cervical spine and (1) segmental mobility and (2) spinal levels perceived by therapists to have limited mobility. Eighteen participants with idiopathic neck pain had MRIs of their cervical spine in neutral and at the end of active rotation. Angular movement and translational movement of each motion segment was calculated from 3D segmentations of the vertebrae. A plane was fitted to the facet on each side. Tropism was considered to be the difference in the orientation of the facet planes and ranged from 1 to 30° with a median of 7.7°. No relationships were found between the extent of tropism and either segmental movement or locations deemed to be symptomatic. Tropism in the sub-axial cervical spine does not appear to be related to segmental mobility in rotation or to levels deemed to be symptomatic.

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“…Current techniques utilized for 3D anatomical research and education encompass various approaches, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning, handheld 3D scanners, and 3D registration tools like the Microscribe Digitizer. [1][2][3][4][5] These methods have provided valuable insights into anatomical structures, enabling researchers and educators to visualize and manipulate 3D models. However, these techniques are not without their downsides and limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring reliable photogrammetry techniques for 3D modeling in anatomical research and education

Van Vlasselaer,

Keelson,

Scafoglieri

et al. 2024

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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In anatomical research and education, three‐dimensional visualization of anatomical structures is crucial for understanding spatial relationships in diagnostics, surgical planning, and teaching. While computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer valuable insights, they are often expensive and require specialized resources. This study explores photogrammetry as an affordable and accessible approach for 3D modeling in anatomical contexts. Two photogrammetry methods were compared: conventional open‐source software (Colmap) and Apple's RealityKit Object Capture. Human C3 vertebrae were imaged with a 24 MP camera, with and without a cross‐polarization filter. Reconstruction times, vertex distances, surface area, and volume measurements were compared to CT scans. Results revealed that the Object Capture method surpassed the conventional approach in reconstruction speed and user‐friendliness. Both methods exhibited similar vertex distance from reference mesh and volume measurements, although the conventional approach produced larger surface areas compared to CT‐based models. Cross‐polarization filters eliminated the need for pre‐processing and improved outcomes in challenging lighting conditions. This study demonstrates that photogrammetry, especially Object Capture, as a reliable and time‐efficient tool for 3D modeling in anatomical research and education. It offers accessible alternatives to traditional techniques with advantages in texture mapping. While further validation of various anatomical structures is required, the accessibility and cost‐effectiveness of photogrammetry make it a valuable asset for the field. In summary, photogrammetry would have the potential to revolutionize anatomical research and education by providing cost‐effective, accessible, and accurate 3D modeling. The study underscores the promise of advancing anatomical research and education through the integration of photogrammetry with ongoing improvements in user‐friendliness and accessibility.

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Morphological Asymmetry of the Superior Cervical Facets from C3 through C7 due to Degeneration

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of Facet Tropism on Postoperative Cervical Range of Motion After Single-Level Cervical Disc Arthroplasty

Effect of Facet Tropism on Postoperative Cervical Range of Motion After Single-Level Cervical Disc Arthroplasty

Tropism of Sub-Axial Cervical Facet Joints Is Not Related to Segmental Movement during Active Movement or Therapist-Perceived Symptomatic Locations

Exploring reliable photogrammetry techniques for 3D modeling in anatomical research and education

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