Morphological basis of tolerance to ozone

Evans, Michael J.; Dekker, Nusi P.; Cabral‐Anderson, Linda J.; Shami, Susan G.

doi:10.1016/0014-4800(85)90086-3

Cited by 48 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In lung sections, however, a significant increase in the lesions at 16 h post 0, exposure was the first indication of substantial structural changes. These morphological observations are comparable to the reports indicating lung injury followed by recovery over a period of several days after an acute or long-term exposure to 0, concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 3 ppm (Plopper et al, 1973(Plopper et al, , 1979Bills and Christie, 1980;Evans et al, 1985; Barry et al, 1985Barry et al, , 1988. The reduction in permeability levels by 24 h indicates that the morphological reorganization of the lung epithelia leading to the restoration of normal barrier function is in progress at 24 h, even though the histological studies are unable to identify the repair at this early stage.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of Acute Exposure to O₃On Rats: Sequence of Epithelial and Inflammatory Changes in the Distal Airways

Bhalla

Young

1992

Inhalation Toxicology

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This study involves the analysis of the sequence of changes in lung epithelial permeability, free cells in the airways, prostaglandin E2 (PC€;J levels, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) flux, and alveolar lesions in rats exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone (03 for 3 h and then studied at 4-h intervals up to 24 h postexposure. Protein content of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) increased immediately after O3 exposure and returned to control levels by 16 h postexposure. Albumin concentration in the BAL also increased with time after 0, exposure, but the increase was more gradual than the protein increase. The lower albumin concentrations at 20 and 24 h postexposure were still higher than the control levels. While the total protein in the BAL could be attributed to tissue injury and increased transmucosal transport, the albumin primarily reflected elevated transport from the serum. Total cells in the BAL decreased immediately after the 0, exposure, but returned to near normal levels by 4 h. PGE, levels did not change significantly after 0, exposure. PMNs in the lung sections increased in number with time, peaked at 8 h, and returned to normal levels by 76 h following 0, exposure. The data suggest that the permeability changes may be produced by the direct toxic effects of 0, on the airway epithelia, but the PMNs contribute to the injury process, especially at the later stages. Lung lesions, represented by the thickening of the alveolar septae and increased cellularity, were present at 72 h postexposure and increased with time, thus coinciding with declining permeability at the later stages. The morphological changes lag behind the functional perturbations and appear to represent a phase of functional recovery

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of Acute Exposure to O₃On Rats: Sequence of Epithelial and Inflammatory Changes in the Distal Airways

Bhalla

Young

1992

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…Secretory, neuroendocrine and basal cells have all been demonstrated to be potential goblet cell progenitor cells during airway epithelial repair processes [15]. In pre-clinical models evidence exists for metaplasia being important through the conversion of non-ciliated secretory cells to goblet cells [16][17][18]. Jeffery & Reid [19] also demonstrated that cigarette smoke-induced the transformation of serous cells to mucous cells and observed "transitional" cells in rats [20].…”

Section: Regulation Of the Mucus-hypersecre-tory Phenotypementioning

confidence: 96%

Epithelial Mucus-Hypersecretion and Respiratory Disease

Danahay

Jackson²

2005

CDTIA

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Mucus production, secretion and clearance are considered to play a critical role in maintenance of airway health, however in diseases such as COPD, epidemiological and pathological studies suggest that excess mucus contributes to airway plugging and decline in lung health. The airway surface epithelium is composed of a heterogeneous mix of cell types one of which, the goblet cell, is dedicated to the production of secretory gel-forming mucins. Changes in epithelial cellular composition and function in response to irritants and microbes generally leads to enhanced co-ordinated functioning of the major facets of the mucociliary clearance (MCC) system i.e. mucus secretion, ion/fluid transport and ciliary function. The presence of mucus plugs in the airways of COPD patients demonstrates that facets of the MCC system have become compromised i.e. normally co-ordinated epithelial functions have become uncoupled. Almost nothing is known about the processes leading to such uncoupling. Understanding these processes may provide insights into mechanisms involved in regulation of epithelial integrity and the genesis of respiratory diseases such as COPD. In this review we will discuss regulation of airway epithelial cellular composition and function primarily with respect to goblet cell formation, mucus secretion, airway surface liquid (ASL) homeostasis, hydration of secreted mucus and ciliary clearance. We will discuss the functional overlap between cell populations, the potential impact of derivation from different progenitors and the implications of generating high goblet cell densities in the surface epithelium. The aim of this review is to stimulate discussion and develop hypotheses that could help to determine the mechanisms behind epithelial dysfunction in respiratory disease.

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“…Pseudo-stratified epithelium with mucosal goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, basal cells and Clara cells cover the conducting airways of the lung. They are also responsible for detoxifying harmful substances and may serve as progenitors of ciliated cells of the bronchiolar epithelium [4][5][6]. While goblet cells produce mucins that protect the respiratory epithelium, the ciliated cells are responsible for the transportation of mucus, microorganisms and foreign particles, and for respiratory fluid removal for optimal gas exchange [3].…”

Section: Biology and Function Of The Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for studying stem cells: Adult stem cells for lung repair

Martin

2008

Methods

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Recent progress in lung biology includes the description of a series of pulmonary stem and progenitor cells involved in homeostasis and regeneration of the respiratory system. Moreover, the contribution of extrapulmonary stem cells to healthy and pathological lung tissue has been observed and the developmental biology of such processes should provide important hints for understanding maintenance and repair of adult lung structure and function. Despite such remarkable advances, the phenotypic and especially the functional characterization of these stem and progenitor cells, and their derivatives, along with an understanding of the molecular cues and pathways underlying differentiation into specific respiratory lineages is still in its infancy. Accordingly, the role of endogenous and extrapulmonary stem cells in normal tissue repair and pathogenesis is still largely mysterious and added basic knowledge is required in order to explore their potential for novel regenerative therapies. This review provides an overview of the current state of the art in adult lung stem cell biology including technical aspects of isolation, characterization and differentiation, and a discussion of perspectives for future regenerative therapies.

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Morphological basis of tolerance to ozone

Cited by 48 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of Acute Exposure to O₃On Rats: Sequence of Epithelial and Inflammatory Changes in the Distal Airways

Effects of Acute Exposure to O₃On Rats: Sequence of Epithelial and Inflammatory Changes in the Distal Airways

Epithelial Mucus-Hypersecretion and Respiratory Disease

Methods for studying stem cells: Adult stem cells for lung repair

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Morphological basis of tolerance to ozone

Cited by 48 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of Acute Exposure to O3On Rats: Sequence of Epithelial and Inflammatory Changes in the Distal Airways

Effects of Acute Exposure to O3On Rats: Sequence of Epithelial and Inflammatory Changes in the Distal Airways

Epithelial Mucus-Hypersecretion and Respiratory Disease

Methods for studying stem cells: Adult stem cells for lung repair

Contact Info

Product

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Effects of Acute Exposure to O₃On Rats: Sequence of Epithelial and Inflammatory Changes in the Distal Airways

Effects of Acute Exposure to O₃On Rats: Sequence of Epithelial and Inflammatory Changes in the Distal Airways