Morphological changes of synchronized<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>populations during growth in single phase liquid culture

Thomas, C.; Hill, David J.; Mabey, M.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00504.x

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…R. solanacearum filamented under starvation conditions, as reported for Escherichia coli (Wainwright et al, 1999) and Pseudomonas oleovorans (Ruiz et al, 2001). Some of the R. solanacearum filamentous cells were observed to have cell wall evaginations or buds, similarly to starved Campylobacter jejuni (Lázaro et al, 1999;Thomas et al, 1999) and V. cholerae (Chaiyanan et al, 2007); these budded cells are considered as transients in coccoid formation (Thomas et al, 1999). R. solanacearum filamentous cells were visualized by immunostaining as well as bacillar and coccoid cells, as hypothesized by Thomas et al (1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…2H-J). Cells of this type have been referred to as suspensor cells (Thomas et al, 1999). Whereas individual filamentous cells were observed to form buds along the cell (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the R. solanacearum filamentous cells were observed to have cell wall evaginations or buds, similarly to starved Campylobacter jejuni (Lázaro et al, 1999;Thomas et al, 1999) and V. cholerae (Chaiyanan et al, 2007); these budded cells are considered as transients in coccoid formation (Thomas et al, 1999). R. solanacearum filamentous cells were visualized by immunostaining as well as bacillar and coccoid cells, as hypothesized by Thomas et al (1999). This appears to be the first report of filamentation and budding phenomena occurring in a plant-pathogenic bacterium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival strategies and pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II subjected to prolonged starvation in environmental water microcosms

2008

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Survival strategies exhibited over 4 years by Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype (ph) II biovar (bv) 2 in environmental water microcosms were examined. The bacterium is a devastating phytopathogen whose ph II bv 2 causes bacterial wilt in solanaceous crops and ornamental plants. Outbreaks of the disease may originate from dissemination of the pathogen in watercourses, where it has to cope with prolonged nutrient limitation. To ascertain the effect of long-term starvation on survival and pathogenicity of R. solanacearum in natural water microcosms, survival experiments were conducted. Microcosms were prepared from different sterile river water samples, inoculated separately with two European strains of ph II at 10 6 c.f.u. ml "1 and maintained at 24 6C for 4 years. In all assayed waters, starved R. solanacearum remained in a non-growing but culturable state during the first year, maintaining approximately the initial numbers. Thereafter, part of the population of R. solanacearum progressively lost the ability to form colonies, and non-culturable but metabolically active cells appeared. During the whole period, the bacterium remained pathogenic on host plants and underwent a transition from typical bacilli to small cocci which tended to aggregate. Some starved R. solanacearum cells filamented and formed buds. Starvation response, viable but non-culturable state, morphological changes and aggregation have not previously been reported for this pathogen as survival mechanisms induced in oligotrophic conditions. The potential existence of long-starved pathogenic cells in environmental waters may raise new concerns about the epidemiology of bacterial wilt disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…2H-J). Cells of this type have been referred to as suspensor cells (Thomas et al, 1999). Whereas individual filamentous cells were observed to form buds along the cell (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival strategies and pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II subjected to prolonged starvation in environmental water microcosms

2008

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“…A variety of morphological forms of C. jejuni were observed under fluorescence microscopy in stationary phase, including spiral, coccoid and extended spiral cells. The variation in C. jejuni morphology has been described extensively elsewhere, and may provide an explanation for the lack of correlation between OD and viable counts, along with the contribution of any bacterial debris (Hazeleger et al, 1995;Thomas et al, 1999). Extended growth curves, over a period of 127 h, were also performed and indicated a twopeak pattern (data not shown) characterized by a second period of growth following the initial decline phase, in agreement with previous reports (Martinez-Rodriguez et al, 2004).…”

Section: Jejuni Growth Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Metabolite and transcriptome analysis of Campylobacter jejuni in vitro growth reveals a stationary-phase physiological switch

et al. 2009

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Campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent cause of food-borne diarrhoeal illness in humans. Understanding of the physiological and metabolic capabilities of the organism is limited. We report a detailed analysis of the C. jejuni growth cycle in batch culture. Combined transcriptomic, phenotypic and metabolic analysis demonstrates a highly dynamic 'stationary phase', characterized by a peak in motility, numerous gene expression changes and substrate switching, despite transcript changes that indicate a metabolic downshift upon the onset of stationary phase. Video tracking of bacterial motility identifies peak activity during stationary phase. Amino acid analysis of culture supernatants shows a preferential order of amino acid utilization. Proton NMR ( 1 H-NMR) highlights an acetate switch mechanism whereby bacteria change from acetate excretion to acetate uptake, most probably in response to depletion of other substrates. Acetate production requires pta (Cj0688) and ackA (Cj0689), although the acs homologue (Cj1537c) is not required. Insertion mutants in Cj0688 and Cj0689 maintain viability less well during the stationary and decline phases of the growth cycle than wild-type C. jejuni, suggesting that these genes, and the acetate pathway, are important for survival. INTRODUCTIONCampylobacter jejuni is the major cause of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with an estimated 1 in 100 individuals in both the USA and the UK developing Campylobacter-related illness each year (Gaynor et al., 2004;Gillespie et al., 2002). Although most cases are selflimiting, C. jejuni can cause severe post-infection complications including the peripheral neuropathies GuillainBarré and Miller-Fisher syndromes (Nachamkin et al., 2000). Despite the significance of C. jejuni as a food-borne pathogen, our understanding of its basic biochemistry and physiology, gene regulation, colonization, virulence and environmental survival mechanisms lags behind that of many other pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, and many questions regarding C. jejuni physiology and pathogenesis remain (Young et al., 2007). Research has been hampered by a lack of genetic tools, the difficulty of growing the bacteria in the laboratory and the absence of a suitable animal model that mimics human disease.C. jejuni is a fastidious bacterium, with a limited capacity for biosynthesis, and requires complex growth media (Kelly, 2001). Establishing the metabolic capabilities of C. jejuni is central to comprehension of environmental persistence and host colonization. The microaerophilic nature, complex nutritional requirements and relative difficulty of culturing C. jejuni have all contributed to the limited understanding of metabolism (Kelly, 2001(Kelly, , 2005Sellars et al., 2002). C. jejuni is unable to catabolize glucose and other hexose sugars due to the absence of the key glycolytic enzyme 6-phosphofructokinase (Parkhill et al., 2000;Velayudhan & Kelly, 2002 The importance of each amino acid in C. jejuni metabolism is yet to be fully established, however, and i...

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“…In early exponential phase the cells are straight or slightly bent rods from 1 to 2.3 m long, but in stationary phase the cells elongate into spirals from 5 to 15 m in length (372). Similarly, in exponential phase Campylobacter jejuni grows as spiral cells that elongate into straight filaments, which are four times as long in late stationary phase (107,327). The latter forms coexist with residual coccoid cells (107,119,187,233,327).…”

Section: Stationary Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Selective Value of Bacterial Shape

Young

2006

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

867

777

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SUMMARY Why do bacteria have shape? Is morphology valuable or just a trivial secondary characteristic? Why should bacteria have one shape instead of another? Three broad considerations suggest that bacterial shapes are not accidental but are biologically important: cells adopt uniform morphologies from among a wide variety of possibilities, some cells modify their shape as conditions demand, and morphology can be tracked through evolutionary lineages. All of these imply that shape is a selectable feature that aids survival. The aim of this review is to spell out the physical, environmental, and biological forces that favor different bacterial morphologies and which, therefore, contribute to natural selection. Specifically, cell shape is driven by eight general considerations: nutrient access, cell division and segregation, attachment to surfaces, passive dispersal, active motility, polar differentiation, the need to escape predators, and the advantages of cellular differentiation. Bacteria respond to these forces by performing a type of calculus, integrating over a number of environmental and behavioral factors to produce a size and shape that are optimal for the circumstances in which they live. Just as we are beginning to answer how bacteria create their shapes, it seems reasonable and essential that we expand our efforts to understand why they do so.

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Morphological changes of synchronizedCampylobacter jejunipopulations during growth in single phase liquid culture

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Survival strategies and pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II subjected to prolonged starvation in environmental water microcosms

Survival strategies and pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II subjected to prolonged starvation in environmental water microcosms

Metabolite and transcriptome analysis of Campylobacter jejuni in vitro growth reveals a stationary-phase physiological switch

The Selective Value of Bacterial Shape

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