Morphological characteristics, chemical and genetic diversity of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinusL.) genotypes

Abstract

The kenaf plant is used widely as food and in traditional folk medicine. This study evaluated the morphological characteristics, functional compounds, and genetic diversity of 32 kenaf cultivars from a worldwide collection. We found significant differences in the functional compounds of leaves from all cultivars, including differences in levels of chlorogenic acid isomer (CAI), chlorogenic acid (CA), kaempferol glucosyl rhamnoside isomer (KGRI), kaempferol rhamnosyl xyloside (KRX), kaemperitrin (KAPT) and total phenols (TPC). The highest TPC, KAPT, CA, and KRX contents were observed in the C22 cultivars. A significant correlation was observed between flowering time and DM yield, seed yield, and four phenolic compounds (KGRI, KRX, CAI, and TPC) (P < 0.01). To assess genetic diversity, we used 80 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primer sets and identified 225 polymorphic loci in the kenaf cultivars. The polymorphism information content and genetic diversity values ranged from 0.11 to 0.79 and 12 to 0.83, with average values of 0.39 and 0.43, respectively. The cluster analysis of the SSR markers showed that the kenaf genotypes could be clearly divided into three clusters based on flowering time. Correlations analysis was conducted for the 80 SSR markers; morphological, chemical and growth traits were found for 15 marker traits (corolla, vein, petal, leaf, stem color, leaf shape, and KGRI content) with significant marker-trait correlations. These results could be used for the selection of kenaf cultivars with improved yield and functional compounds. (Jin et al. 2013;Ryu et al. 2017a).The most common phenolic compounds in kenaf are the kaempferol glycoside, caffeic acid, myricetin glycoside, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (Ryu et al. 2017a). In ayurvedic medicine, the kenaf are used for bilious, blood, diabetes, biliousness, coughs and throat disorders (Alexopoulou et al. 2013;Ryu et al. 2017a This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Phenolic Compounds in Extracts of Hibiscus acetosella (Cranberry Hibiscus) and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties

“…Flavonoids such as kaempferitrin, gallocatechin, quercetin, and luteolin are also present in these plants. Anthocyanins, detected mostly in flowers with calyces and some of the red-colored leaves, include cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside, and delphinidin-3-sambubioside [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. These compounds possess antioxidant properties shown by their effective scavenging activity on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals.…”

Genome-Wide Association Study for Agronomic Traits in Gamma-Ray-Derived Mutant Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

“…Late-maturing groups grow vegetatively for 130–140 d and yield significantly higher biomass, but late maturation reduces seed quality [ 14 , 15 ]. Therefore, a breeding goal in new Korean kenaf cultivars is to increase both biomass and seed yields per unit area [ 35 , 36 ]. Mutation breeding has the merits of creating new mutant characteristics and adding only few traits without disturbing the other characteristics of a cultivar [ 37 ].…”

“…In addition, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing and identified putative genes (CHS, F3’H, FLS, DFR, MAT, UFGTs, TT12, GST, and RNS) involved in flower coloration at different flower developmental stages in three kenaf mutants, namely white flower, ivory flower, and purple flower [ 13 ]. When the color of petals was changed to purple or white by radiation mutation breeding, the total amount of flavonoids and phenolic compounds was more [ 12 , 13 , 36 ]. It was assumed that the accumulation of flavonoids and phenolic acids was accelerated.…”

Cultivation Strategies of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) as a Future Approach in Malaysian Agriculture Industry

“…A good source of genetic viability and the development of accidental shoots is callus tissue. The quantities and combinations of plant hormones are the key determinants of embryogenic callus and plant regeneration [44]. In kenaf, plant regeneration via organogenesis from various explants employing various auxin and cytokinin combinations has been described.…”