Morphological characteristics of buried dog remains excavated from the Kamikuroiwa Rock Shelter site, Ehime Prefecture, Japan

Komiya, Hajime; Sawada, Junmei; Saeki, Fumiko; Sato, Takao

doi:10.1537/ase.150630

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Because these remains constituted complete skeletons that were clearly smaller than other large canines (e.g. wolf and extinct wild canines), the two individuals were identified as domesticated dogs (Komiya et al, 2015). Additionally, the buried human remains (No.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon dating of one human and two dog burials from the Kamikuroiwa rock shelter site, Ehime Prefecture

Gakuhari

Komiya

Sawada

et al. 2015

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Two complete dog skeletons were recovered during archeological excavations from 1961 to 1970 at the Kamikuroiwa rock shelter, a site that yielded a series of cultural entities from the Late Pleistocene, Incipient Jomon, and Early Jomon periods. Since two dogs were buried close to human skeletons, it was thought that these dogs had been buried by Jomon people, and hence provided the oldest direct evidence of Canis domestication in Japan. However, the stratigraphic information and archeological contexts of these dog skeletons are incomplete due to the lack of detailed excavation reports and technical limitations of excavations at this site. Because the date of the dog burials has not been fully discussed in the context of modern chronology or recent discussions on Canis domestication, we directly measured radiocarbon ages and stable isotope analysis on two dog burials and one set of human remains from the Kamikuroiwa rock shelter. These data are important for reconstructing the relationship between humans and dogs in the Jomon period. Our results show that the human thought to have been buried with the dogs was assigned to the middle Initial Jomon period (8977-8725 calBP), whereas, on the other hand, dates for the dog burials are very close to each other and were assigned to the latest Initial Jomon or the initial Early Jomon periods (7414-7273 calBP). Although these results are not consistent with previous archeological interpretations for this site, they remain important because these two dog burials are among the oldest evidence of Canis domestication in East Asia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon dating of one human and two dog burials from the Kamikuroiwa rock shelter site, Ehime Prefecture

Gakuhari

Komiya

Sawada

et al. 2015

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“…The sequences in the Jomon sub-clade were not found from any other dogs, also supporting an early divergence of the Jomon sub-clade. Since the Jomon period dogs had retained their morphology for at least about 7000 years (Shigehara and Hongo, 2000;Komiya et al, 2015), we surmised that they would not have mixed with the continental dogs. As expected, the Jomon dogs had unique mtDNAs, which may be due to their isolation in the Japanese archipelago from the Eurasian continent.…”

Section: Ancient Divergence Of the Mtdna Jomon Sub-cladementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oldest dog in Japan dates back 9300 years to the Jomon period (Sugihara and Serizawa, 1957;Crane and Griffin, 1960;Shigehara and Hongo, 2000;Uchiyama, 2014). Throughout the existence of dogs in the Jomon period for about 7000 years, dogs (Jomon dog) retained the morphological characteristics of ancient domestic dogs, probably due to their geographical isolation from continental dogs (Shigehara, 1990(Shigehara, , 1994Komiya, 1997;Shigehara and Hongo, 2000;Komiya et al, 2015). Previous studies on the mtDNA control region (198 and 215 bp) of modern Japanese dogs and ancient dogs from archaeological sites of five historical periods, including Jomon, Yayoi, Kofun, Okhotsk, and the Kamakura periods (from about 14000 BC-14th century AD), showed a link between modern dogs and Jomon dogs by sharing haplotypes (Okumura et al, 1999;Masuda and Sato, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of ancient Japanese dogs revealed by mitogenomes

Xiaokaiti,

Sato,

Kasai

et al. 2024

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Archaeological evidence indicates that dogs appeared in Japan at least 9300 years ago, during the Jomon period. The Jomon period dogs (Jomon dogs) retained the morphological characteristics of ancient domestic dogs throughout the Jomon period, possibly due to their geographical isolation from continental dogs. Therefore, we expect them to retain the genetic characteristics of ancient domestic dogs. To explore this possibility, we determined the mitochondrial genomes of five Jomon dogs, including one of the oldest dogs in Japan (7400-7200 cal BP), and seven late-8th-century Japanese dogs (Suwada dogs). We analyzed these sequences with 719 mitochondrial genomes of ancient and modern canids. The dog mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences have been grouped into six clades (haplogroups A-F), and clade A comprises six sub-clades (sub-haplogroups A1-A6). Classification of the Jomon dogs' mtDNA haplotypes revealed that these dogs belong to a nested A2/A3 sub-haplogroup not shared by other modern or ancient samples. The mtDNA sequences of Jomon dogs form a monophyletic clade which is sister to the A3 sub-clade in the phylogenetic trees. Network analysis showed that the Jomon dogs' mtDNA sub-clade diverged close to the base of the A2 and A3 haplotype network, which was centered by an ancient dog from South China. The Jomon dog mtDNAs diverged from A3 (~11500 years ago) soon after the A2 and A3 divergence (~12800 years ago), indicating early divergence of the Jomon dogs' sub-clade. These results suggest that the Jomon dogs were possibly introduced into the Japanese archipelago 11500-9300 years ago. The mtDNAs of late-8th-century dogs were more diverse and were different haplogroups than that of Jomon dogs, suggesting that other haplogroups likely replaced the haplogroup of Jomon dogs through the introduction of dogs that accompanied the migration of people into Japan in later periods.

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“…The dogs in Jomon period (Jomon dogs) had little change in morphology throughout this period, until about 3,000 years ago (Uchiyama 2014). Therefore, Jomon dogs are presumed to be isolated and have retained the morphological characteristics of the old domestic dogs that did not interbreed with other Eurasian dogs from 10,000 to 3,000 years ago (Shigehara 1990, 1994; Komiya 1997; Shigehara and Hongo 2000; Komiya, et al 2015). Accordingly, analysis of the ancient genome of Jomon dogs will provide a clue to reveal the characteristics of the ancient East Asian dog lineage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome analysis of the Jomon dogs reveals the oldest domestic dog lineage in Eastern Eurasia

Terai,

Xiaokaiti,

Gojobori

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Dog is the oldest domesticated animal that established close relationships with humans. Due to its ancient origin, when, where, and whether a single or dual domestication event occurred is still under debate. The dogs in the Jomon period (Jomon dogs) in the Japanese archipelago had little change in morphology from 10,000 to 3,000 years ago. Therefore, we expected that the ancient genome of the Jomon dogs would provide a clue to reveal the characteristics of the ancient East Asian dogs. Here, we have sequenced the genomes of three 6000-year-old Jomon dogs, one 3000-4000-year-old Jomon dog, and four late 8th century dogs excavated in Japan. Our analyses suggest that the Jomon dogs are a distinct lineage from the previously known ancient dogs and are one of the oldest among the dogs in East Eurasian lineages. In addition, the genome of the Jomon dogs contained 9.5% of the genome of Japanese wolf ancestry due to a single introgression event. We estimated the proportion of the Jomon dog lineage genome in the genomes of dogs, which indicates that the genomic composition derived from the Jomon dog lineage is one of the major sources of modern dog genomes. Furthermore, we estimated the early admixture events of dogs in East Eurasia by analyzing the ancient genomes of the Jomon dogs. Due to the admixture events, the Jomon dog-derived genome has been one of the genomic sources of a wide range of modern dogs.

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Morphological characteristics of buried dog remains excavated from the Kamikuroiwa Rock Shelter site, Ehime Prefecture, Japan

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Radiocarbon dating of one human and two dog burials from the Kamikuroiwa rock shelter site, Ehime Prefecture

Radiocarbon dating of one human and two dog burials from the Kamikuroiwa rock shelter site, Ehime Prefecture

The history of ancient Japanese dogs revealed by mitogenomes

Genome analysis of the Jomon dogs reveals the oldest domestic dog lineage in Eastern Eurasia

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