Morphological Characteristics of Pelves of Estonian Holstein and Estonian Native Breed Cows from the Perspective of Calving

Abstract

Dystocia is more common in Holstein-Friesian (HF) breed cows than in other dairy breeds. This is often caused by a disproportion between the birth canal of a female animal and the fetus. It is thought that the main determiners of unsuitability are the birth mass of the calf and the shape of the female pelvis. From the perspective of calving the cranial and caudal pelvic apertures are of great significance. This study focuses on pluriparous pelves of the Estonian Native Breed (EN) and the Estonian Holstein Breed (EHF). The longest measurement of the cranial pelvic aperture of an EHF cow is the conjugate diameter. The cranial pelvic aperture narrows slightly ventrally, being shaped like a trapezium with rounded angles. The longest measurement of the caudal aperture is its caudal transverse measurement. The aperture is flattened dorsoventrally. The cranial pelvic aperture of an EN cow is dorsally angular, but more oval ventrally, and is on the whole narrower and higher. By comparison with the EHF cow, the pelvic cavity of the EN cow widens caudally, and the height of the pelvic apertures contributes to ease of calving. It appears that the configuration of the pelvis of an EN cow is similar to the pelvis of the elk (Alces alces). The pelvis of the EHF cow has become unsuitable for easy calving, especially with regard to the caudal aperture.

Three‐dimensional computed tomographic examination of pelvic cavity in Van Cats and its morphometric investigation

“…In the majority of the pelvic measurements, weight and age are important. In general, there is a positive correlation between age and weight in male and female animals with pelvic dimensions (Celimli et al, ; Dobak, Voorhout, Vernooij, & Boroffka, ; Eneroth, Linde‐Forsberg, Uhlhorn, & Hall, ; Nahkur et al, ). In our study, in accordance with the literature, in male cats, the positive correlation between body weight and the caudal transverse diameter was detected to be statistically significant ( p < .05).…”

“…Measurements taken from the pelvic cavity using three‐dimensional reconstruction programs can often be used to reveal biometric differences between genders (Decker, Davy‐Jow, Ford, & Hilbelink, ). For this purpose, many studies have been done in the field of veterinary medicine (Nahkur, Ernits, Jalakas, & Järv, ; Ozkadif, Eken, & Kalayci, ; Pitakarnnop, Buddhacha, Euppayo, Kriangwanich, & Nganvongpanit, ; Sajjarengpong, Adirekthaworn, Srisuwattnasagul, Sukjumlong, & Darawiroj, ; Tsousis, Heun, Becker, & Bollwein, ; Yilmaz, ).…”

A Three-Dimensional Reconstructive Study of Pelvic Cavity in the New Zealand Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

“…When measurement values of cranial and caudal pelvic cavities having importance during birth were considered, the mean values of dorsal transverse diameter (22.5 mm), right oblique diameter (29.05 mm), left oblique diameter (27.98 mm), and vertical diameter (22.48 mm) which belong to cranial pelvic cavity of females in New Zealand rabbits were higher than the mean values of dorsal transverse diameter (20.95 mm), right oblique diameter (24.69 mm), left oblique diameter (25.80 mm), and vertical diameter (20.34 mm) of males and were statistically significant. In the morphological research of Nahkur et al [ 9 ] related with Estonian Holstein Breed and Estonian Native Breed race cows, it was determined that intermediary transverse diameter and vertical diameter of Estonian Holstein Breed had considerably high values and there was a strong statistical correlation in the formation of cranial pelvic cavity field. It was also indicated that dorsal transverse diameter was not so effective on the shaping of upper edge of cavity specified by intermediary transverse diameter.…”

“…In our study, it was determined that there was a statistical difference between males and females in terms of dorsal transverse diameter of rabbits and it was effective on the formation of cranial pelvic cavity. While ventral transverse diameter had little effect on Estonian Holstein Breed race cows [ 9 ], it had no statistical importance for New Zealand rabbits.…”

“…It was observed that studies of veterinary medicine related with pelvis were benefited from CT images. The anatomic properties of Holstein-Friesian cows and Estonian Native Breed cows whose birth difficulties are commonly observed were presented by X-ray images and bones and the comparisons were made after measurement [ 9 ]. The external measurements of pelvis in Germen Holstein-Friesian cows were performed with caliper and its internal measurements were carried out with reconstruction images obtained from CT [ 10 ].…”