Morphological comparison of proventricular and gizzard in starling birds Sturnus vulgaris and pigeon Columba livia

Abstract

The current study aimed to investigate the stomach of two species of starling Sturnus vulgaris and pigeons Columba livia. The experiment included 10 birds, it is distributed in two equal groups. The ages of birds were on average range 6-9 months (adult age). The observation has appeared the stomach in both the species, is divided into 2 chambers. The results showed the first stomach is called proventriculus. It's characterized as elongated in shape and expansion of the esophagus, located forward the gizzard to posterior at the esophagus in both species. Our study included some gross findings differentiate into two kinds. However, the proventriculus in starling S. vulgaris was characterized as cylindrical-like and had gastric papillae which it's appeared from an external surface of proventriculus with a long isthmus. Whereas our results in pigeon C. livia, the glandular stomach was tubular in shape and no protrudes of gastric papillae during the outer wall of it with the short isthmus. Either gizzard was spherical in the shape of starling and fusiform-like in pigeons, but it was a thin muscular wall and clear at fatty tissue with pale color comparatively with pigeon because the starling birds were represented at omnivores depend on the nutrition added to the grains. In the pigeons, the gizzard had an amount of adipose tissue it's covered most of the external wall of it. The situation of gizzard in pigeon was situated posterior toward proventriculus and had a thick muscular wall with dark-red in color according to nature of the diet, facilities of the grinding grain for indigestion, therefore the pigeons were considered from granivorous. Also, the study included anatomical statics measurements, length, weight, and volume in addition to weights of the birds. Where the study recorded no significant data mean between species of birds proventriculus and gizzard (table 1).

Histological structure and evaluation of cellular layers of Large intestine in Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

“…However, [34] .found that after 4 weeks, the muscle layer becomes thinner which may be attributed to the increased intake of high dietary fibre causing distension in the colon. However, the trend of development of the thickness of tunica musculosa may be related to the changes of the diet as found by Khalil [35] .in lambs and it was affected by the nature of diet as reported by [36,37,38] .…”

Histomorphology and ultrastructure of the proventriculus of the broad breasted white turkey (Meleagris gallopavo, Linnaeus 1758)

“…This finding agrees with the reports of Madkour, Mohamed, et al (2022) in different age‐stages of Muscovy duck, El‐Mansi et al (2021) in Eurasian collared dove, and Madkour and Mohamed (2019b) in laughing dove and rock pigeon. Whilst, the proventriculus is longitudinal in starling bird (AL‐Taai & Hasan, 2020), tubular‐shaped in common Moorhen (Jassem et al, 2016), and resembles a bag in ostrich (Mahdy, 2009). On other hands, the statistical analysis revealed that the length of the proventriculus of BBWT was 42.71 ± 4.16 mm long, compared with 55.25 mm for the Muscovy duck (Madkour, Mohamed, et al, 2022), 15.4 mm for the hooded crow (Abdel Maksoud et al, 2022), and 16 mm for the falcon (Abumandour, 2014).…”

Morpho-Histological Study of the Proventriculus of Eurasian Marsh Harrier Circus Aeruginosus (Linnaeus, (1766 (Aves, Accipitriformes, Accipitridae)

“…The proventriculus, a glandular portion of the stomach in birds, secretes the gastric juices, while the gizzard, a muscular portion, performs a mechanical role. The proventriculus is cranially continuous with the esophagus and presents an elliptical shape (AL-Taai and Hasan, 2020).The glandular stomach is distinguished by its spindle shape and direct emergence from the esophagus, with an intermediate zone between it and the gizzard (isthmus) (Abdel Maksoud et al, 2022). The proventriculus differs in size in different species, typically being rather large and distensible in carnivores that consume large food items while being quite tiny in graminivores, compared to other bird species that consume seeds, the black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus, had a stomach that was enormous in size and had a thin wall (Al-Saffar and Al-Samawy, 2015).…”