Morphological evaluation of common bean diversity on the Island of Madeira

Abstract

The variability of fifty populations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), representing a wide range of ecological conditions on the Island of Madeira, was evaluated based on morphological and reproductive traits. Individual data of 58 traits related to earliness, plant and tassel structure and the shape of the ear and grain were analysed using multivariate analysis. The populations belonging to two major common varieties were clustered into fifteen groups by their degree of dissimilarity, based on discriminant analysis. The dissimilarity of these groups was confirmed by one way ANOVA. The racial rank of these groups was proposed and a brief description of the common bean landraces was presented. This work represents the first morphological characterization and analysis of diversity of bean germplasm from the Archipelago of Madeira, where the traditional agricultural practices are still keeping this Portuguese region free from improved bean varieties. The description of the Madeiran bean landraces allows the preservation of the existing bean biodiversity and could be used for their registration as conservation landraces, or for conservation and breeding purposes worldwide.

Genetic dissimilarity of common bean lines for agronomic and biofortification traits

“…Therefore, in this group, the common bean genotypes showed high genetic similarity for the agronomic and mineral biofortification traits. The use of graphic dispersion by principal components based on the morphological and/or phenological and/or production traits has been applied to differentiate common bean genotypes efficiently (Freitas et al, 2011;Blair et al, 2013;Grahic et al, 2013;Hegay et al, 2014). However, this method enables the formation of few groups, and one of these groups usually concentrates the highest amount of germplasm evaluated (Freitas et al, 2011;Grahic et al, 2013).…”

“…The use of graphic dispersion by principal components based on the morphological and/or phenological and/or production traits has been applied to differentiate common bean genotypes efficiently (Freitas et al, 2011;Blair et al, 2013;Grahic et al, 2013;Hegay et al, 2014). However, this method enables the formation of few groups, and one of these groups usually concentrates the highest amount of germplasm evaluated (Freitas et al, 2011;Grahic et al, 2013). However, the groups formed using morphological traits are very similar to those obtained by microsatellite molecular markers, when the graphic dispersion by principal components is used in beans (Blair et al, 2013;Hegay et al, 2014).…”

“…Therefore, the genetic variability observed in the landraces and the genotypes developed for breeding programs requires a more detailed characterization. Genetic dissimilarity and cluster analyses have been widely used to determine the genetic variability of common bean genotypes that have been grown in a given region or country (Bonett et al, 2006;Chiorato et al, 2006;Gonçalves Ceolin et al, 2007;Elias et al, 2007;Barelli et al, 2009;Coelho et al, 2010;Freitas et al, 2011;Blair et al, 2013;Grahic et al, 2013;Gonçalves et al, 2014;Hegay et al, 2014;Sofi et al, 2014). Thus, accession duplicates are identified, and hybrid combinations are planned based on the identification of genotypes with favorable traits for selection.…”

“…The main clustering methods used to identify similarities and differences among common bean genotypes are principal components (Freitas et al, 2011;Blair et al, 2013;Grahic et al, 2013;Hegay et al, 2014;Sofi et al, 2014) and the Tocher optimization method (Bonett et al, 2006;Gonçalves Ceolin et al, 2007;Elias et al, 2007;Barelli et al, 2009;Coelho et al, 2010;Gonçalves et al, 2014). Genetic dissimilarity of common bean genotypes has been evaluated by agronomic descriptors (Bonett et al, 2006;Barelli et al, 2009;Freitas et al, 2011;Hegay et al, 2014;Sofi et al, 2014) and seed characteristics (Blair et al, 2013;Grahic et al, 2013;Gonçalves et al, 2014).…”

“…Genetic dissimilarity of common bean genotypes has been evaluated by agronomic descriptors (Bonett et al, 2006;Barelli et al, 2009;Freitas et al, 2011;Hegay et al, 2014;Sofi et al, 2014) and seed characteristics (Blair et al, 2013;Grahic et al, 2013;Gonçalves et al, 2014). Elias et al (2007) evaluated the genetic dissimilarity of common bean cultivars by agronomic and nutritional descriptors (crude protein and dietary fiber), using the Tocher optimization method.…”