Common in most aquatic environments, shrimps occur in a wide range of social associations with conspecific and other species, and express various levels of social recognition. We review the mechanisms and forms of social recognition in shrimps, emphasizing the Caridea. Most research has been conducted on Alpheidae, Hymenoceridae, Hippolytidae, Palaemonidae and Stenopodidae. The olfactory first and chemotactile second antennae are important in perceiving waterborne cues/ pheromones and contact pheromones. Potential distance and contact pheromones have been strongly suggested by behavioural studies in several species and even tentatively identified in a few species. All forms of social recognition and interspecific communication have been documented in shrimps, including recognition by mate, size, rank, kin and individual. Given the diversity of ecology, mating and social behaviour, and the previous research on social recognition in caridean shrimps, this group is a promising productive model taxon for studies in animal communication.