Morphological Features of Astrocytes in Health and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Roman, Celia; Vivi, Eugenia; Benedetto, Barbara Di

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_4

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…However, studies in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex demonstrate how tripartite synaptic plasticity also modulates motivation in animal models of substance use disorder and depression. Human studies showing astroglial pathologies in postmortem tissue from patients with various psychiatric disorders are also most abundant in the cortical and allocortical regions, especially for major depression [123,[127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136].…”

Section: Box 2 Circuit Most Well-studied For Tripartite Synapsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, there are alterations in astroglial signaling systems involved in the glutamate-glutamine cycle evident in cortical structures of MDD patients including reduced GLT-1, GLAST and glutamine synthetase levels [123][124][125][126]. A large amount of evidence indicates that MDD patients exhibit profound loss of cortical astroglia indicated via reduced cell counts and astroglial cell density [123,[127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136], with substantial decreases in expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a cytoskeletal protein selectively synthesized in a population of astroglia, in prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples from MDD patients [122,137]. Morphologically, gray matter cortical astrocytes in MDD patients exhibit enlarged glial cell nuclei [129] with larger cell bodies as well as longer, more ramified processes observed in white matter astrocytes [138].…”

Section: Major Depressive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, several studies support the hypothesis that reductions in astroglial density in the cortex contributes to the development of MDD. For example, akin to human MDD [158], rodent models of depression and anxiety exhibit decreased PFC astroglial counts, reduced GFAP levels [159,160] and decreased blood vessel coverage with concomitant reductions in astroglial complexity [133,161]. Interestingly, administration of fluoxetine reverses maladaptive decreases in astroglial complexity, suggesting that MDD-and anxiety-induced structural adaptations in cortical astrocytes could be therapeutic targets of antidepressant drugs.…”

Section: Major Depressive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Astrocyte regulation of synaptic signaling in psychiatric disorders

Kruyer¹,

Kalivas²,

Scofield³

2022

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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Over the last 15 years, the field of neuroscience has evolved toward recognizing the critical role of astroglia in shaping neuronal synaptic activity and along with the pre-and postsynapse is now considered an equal partner in tripartite synaptic transmission and plasticity. The relative youth of this recognition and a corresponding deficit in reagents and technologies for quantifying and manipulating astroglia relative to neurons continues to hamper advances in understanding tripartite synaptic physiology. Nonetheless, substantial advances have been made and are reviewed herein. We review the role of astroglia in synaptic function and regulation of behavior with an eye on how tripartite synapses figure into brain pathologies underlying behavioral impairments in psychiatric disorders, both from the perspective of measures in postmortem human brains and more subtle influences on tripartite synaptic regulation of behavior in animal models of psychiatric symptoms. Our goal is to provide the reader a wellreferenced state-of-the-art understanding of current knowledge and predict what we may discover with deeper investigation of tripartite synapses using reagents and technologies not yet available.

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Section: Box 2 Circuit Most Well-studied For Tripartite Synapsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Major Depressive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Major Depressive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Astrocyte regulation of synaptic signaling in psychiatric disorders

Kruyer¹,

Kalivas²,

Scofield³

2022

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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“…Broad transcriptomic analysis of astroglial gene expression in mouse models of Huntington's disease and in human patients also demonstrates a general downregulation of important astroglial functional markers [7]. In major depressive disorder, a disease where substantial data from human post-mortem brain tissue illustrates involvement of astroglia in both disease onset and severity as well as in treatment-assisted recovery [158][159][160], astroglial atrophy has been observed without classic indications of reactivity [161,162]. Reductions in astroglial size and/or number have been noted in cortical and limbic regions in patients with mood disorders [163].…”

Section: Astrocyte Heterogeneity In Disease Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocyte Heterogeneity in Regulation of Synaptic Activity

Kruyer

2022

Cells

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Our awareness of the number of synapse regulatory functions performed by astroglia is rapidly expanding, raising interesting questions regarding astrocyte heterogeneity and specialization across brain regions. Whether all astrocytes are poised to signal in a multitude of ways, or are instead tuned to surrounding synapses and how astroglial signaling is altered in psychiatric and cognitive disorders are fundamental questions for the field. In recent years, molecular and morphological characterization of astroglial types has broadened our ability to design studies to better analyze and manipulate specific functions of astroglia. Recent data emerging from these studies will be discussed in depth in this review. I also highlight remaining questions emerging from new techniques recently applied toward understanding the roles of astrocytes in synapse regulation in the adult brain.

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“…By establishing contacts with blood arteries, astrocytes may regulate blood flow in response to synaptic activity. The blood-brain barrier [BBB] [18] originates from astroglial endfeet, which cooperate with endothelial cells to establish tight connections with the basal lamina. Myelin, which is produced by oligodendrocytes, is found in regions of the nervous system divided by nodes of Ranvier and plays a crucial role in maintaining and enhancing the speed with which electrical impulses travel.…”

Section: Cellular Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Postoperative confusion after anasthesia in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture

Afifi,

Fekry,

Abo El-Wafa

2023

Benha Journal of Applied Sciences

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Background: Confusion, a One of the most prevalent issues in medicine is a mental and behavioural condition of diminished understanding, coherence, and ability for reason. The acute confusional condition known as delirium continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. There may be neurological predisposing variables when some older persons of the same age have the same procedure and others do not suffer postoperative delirium. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of anaesthesia on cognitive function in elderly individuals with femoral neck fracture. Conclusions: Delirium after hip fracture surgery is a frequent but dangerous complication. Metabolic dysfunction, drug-related issues, stress reactions, and anaesthetic type are all possible contributors. Interventions like anxiety reduction and pharmaceutical medications may be useful, but there is no one-size-fits-all approach to prevention.

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Morphological Features of Astrocytes in Health and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Cited by 5 publications

References 76 publications

Astrocyte regulation of synaptic signaling in psychiatric disorders

Astrocyte regulation of synaptic signaling in psychiatric disorders

Astrocyte Heterogeneity in Regulation of Synaptic Activity

Postoperative confusion after anasthesia in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture

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