Morphological features of structure of aorta, coronal arteries and myocardium at chronic kidneys disease

Abstract

При изучении морфологии стенки сосудов у 18 умерших в возрасте от 45 до 55 лет с признаками хронической болезни почек (ХБП)-выявлены изменения характерные для иммунного воспаления, что сопровождается низкой экспрессией VEGF и bcl-2, что создает предпосылки к активации апоптоза и может быть основной причиной сердечно-сосудистых осложнений Ключевые слова: морфология, аорта, коронарные артерии, хроническая болезнь почек, VEGF, bcl-2 The most important functions of endothelium are: hemostasis regulation, inflammation modulation, vascular tone correction, vascular permeability regulation. Chronic pulmonary disease (CPD) breaks this balance and predisposes vessels to vasoconstriction, leukocyte adhesion, platelet activation, mitogenesis, inflammation. The aim of the work was to study morphological changes of the cardiovascular walls and aorta in patients with CPD and to assess the possibilities of its endothelium to reparation. Materials and methods. There was studied an autopsy material of 18 died persons 45-55 years old. All died persons had the signs of chronic pulmonary disease (CPD). For detection of the immune cellular reaction features in zone of inflammation process there were used the primary homogenous antibodies (HGAB) of DAKO (Denmark), Rady-to-Use. The studies were carried out on microscope Primo Star (Carl Zeiss) using AxioCam (ERc 5s). Results and discussion. The changes of endothelium of coronary vessels of heart and aorta were demonstrated with the different degree of disorganization. These pathologic processes were familiar to the immune inflammation. The weak expression of the growth factor of VEGF and bcl-2 vessels endothelium can be the indirect sign of the low ability of the vascular wool structure and endothelium lining to reconstruction because an activation of apoptosis takes place at its deficiency. Conclusions. The changes of coronary arteries and aorta construction at CPD are characterized with unidirectional nature with the different intensity of pathologic process in all layers of the vascular wall and vascular transformation that is typical for immune inflammation. The detected disorders of vascular morphology and immunoinflammatory reaction activity can be the one of the main causes of cardiovascular complications development

Morphofunctional Peculiarities of Endocardium of the Ventricles, Main Arteries Normally and Under the Influence of Various Factors (Literature Review)

“…Mateshuk-Vatseba L.R., Tsytovsky M.N. [51] in their study showed the affinity of the structure of the aortic wall of the white rat and man at the ultramicroscopic level, which is also confirmed by the data of the professional literature [46]. Thus, the inner envelope, intima, is represented by endothe-lial and subendothelial layers, a plexus of elastic fibers.…”

“…Elements of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria with a light matrix and a small number of ridges, are mainly concentrated in the organelle zone. In addition, there are Weibel Palade rod-like bodies -osmophilic heterogeneous structures that contain substances (VWF factor) that are directly involved in the processes of coagulation and, according to the literature, are derivatives of the Golgi complex [46,51].…”

“…There are three types of elastic membranes: homogeneous, fibrous and mixed [24,46]. Homogenous and mixed types of elastic membranes consisting of homogeneous and several fibrous layers are present in the middle tunic of the aortic wall of a white rat.…”

“…The above-described peculiarities of the structure of the medial membrane of the aortic wall contribute to the greater elasticity of the vascular wall and soften the pressure of blood flow [46].…”