Morphological features of vasa vasorum in pathologically changed human great saphenous vein and its tributaries

Kachlík, David; Stingl, J; Sosna, Bohuslav; Straka, Z.; Lametschwandtner, Alois; Minnich, Bernd; Fara, P

doi:10.1024/0301-1526.37.2.127

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…the lumen] in a human long saphenous vein”, in support of earlier, similar, statements (Wyatt et al 1964 ). A number of ‘tracing’ studies have been reported using either India ink or vascular corrosion casts to determine the 3 dimensional complex structure of the vasa vasorum in either varicose hSVs (Kachlik et al 2008 ) or hSVs obtained from patients undergoing aortocoronary bypassing (Kachlik et al 2007 ). Here, Fig.…”

Section: Luminal Termination Of Vasa Vasorum?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasa vasorum inside out/outside in communication: a potential role in the patency of saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts

Loesch

Dashwood

2018

J. Cell Commun. Signal.

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The saphenous vein (SV) is the most commonly used conduit for revascularization in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). The patency rate of this vessel is inferior to the internal thoracic artery (ITA). In the majority of CABG procedures the ITA is removed with its outer pedicle intact whereas the (human) SV (hSV) is harvested with pedicle removed. The vasa vasorum, a microvessel network providing the adventitia and media with oxygen and nutrients, is more pronounced and penetrates deeper towards the lumen in veins than in arteries. When prepared in conventional CABG the vascular trauma caused when removing the hSV pedicle damages the vasa vasorum, a situation affecting transmural flow potentially impacting on graft performance. In patients, where the hSV is harvested with pedicle intact, the vasa vasorum is preserved and transmural blood flow restored at graft insertion and completion of CABG. By maintaining blood supply to the hSV wall, apart from oxygen and nutrients, the vasa vasorum may also transport factors potentially beneficial to graft performance. Studies, using either corrosion casts or India ink, have shown the course of vasa vasorum in animal SV as well as in hSV. In addition, there is some evidence that vasa vasorum of hSV terminate in the vessel lumen based on ex vivo perfusion, histological and ultrastructural studies. This review describes the preparation of the hSV as a bypass conduit in CABG and its performance compared with the ITA as well as how and why its patency might be improved by harvesting with minimal trauma in a way that preserves an intact vasa vasorum.

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Section: Luminal Termination Of Vasa Vasorum?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasa vasorum inside out/outside in communication: a potential role in the patency of saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts

Loesch

Dashwood

2018

J. Cell Commun. Signal.

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“…Neovascularization with the formation of vascular channels in the vein wall or thrombi has been pointed out in hemorrhoidal disease [Chung et al, 2004;Li et al, 2015], in chronic venous disease [Ritman and Lerman, 2007;Kachlík et al, 2008;Tonar et al, 2012;Nees et al, 2013], and in experimental conditions, including the development of similar vascularization in the wall of the rat femoral vein after perivenous application of PGE2 and glycerol [Díaz-Flores et al, 1994, 2017b. In these experimental conditions and following sequential evolution, the first finding was sprouting angiogenesis, with the growth and migration of vein intimal ECs toward the media layer, followed by the formation of numerous intraparietal vascular channels [Díaz-Flores et al, 1994, 2017b.…”

Section: Role Of Intraparietal and Intraluminal Vascular Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmentation of Dilated Hemorrhoidal Veins in Hemorrhoidal Disease

Díaz‐Flores

Gutiérrez

González‐Gómez

et al. 2018

Cells Tissues Organs

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Vein segmentation is a vascular remodeling process mainly studied in experimental conditions and linked to hemodynamic factors, with clinical implications. The aim of this work is to assess the morphologic characteristics, associated findings, and mechanisms that participate in vein segmentation in humans. To this end, we examined 156 surgically obtained cases of hemorrhoidal disease. Segmentation occurred in 65 and was most prominent in 15, which were selected for serial sections, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence procedures. The dilated veins showed differently sized spaces, separated by thin septa. Findings associated with vein segmentation were: (a) vascular channels formed from the vein intima endothelial cells (ECs) and located in the vein wall and/or intraluminal fibrin, (b) vascular loops formed by interconnected vascular channels (venous-venous connections), which encircled vein wall components or fibrin and formed folds/pillars/papillae (FPPs; the encircling ECs formed the FPP cover and the encircled components formed the core), and (c) FPP splitting, remodeling, alignment, and fusion, originating septa. Thrombosis was observed in some nonsegmented veins, while the segmented veins only occasionally contained thrombi. Dense microvasculature was also present in the interstitium and around veins. In conclusion, the findings suggest that hemorrhoidal vein segmentation is an adaptive process in which a piecemeal angiogenic mechanism participates, predominantly by intussusception, giving rise to intravascular FPPs, followed by linear rearrangement, remodeling and fusion of FPPs, and septa formation. Identification of other markers, as well as the molecular bases, hemodynamic relevance, and possible therapeutic implications of vein segmentation in dilated hemorrhoidal veins require further studies.

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“…It is known that at the progression of primary varicose veins of lower limbs sclerotic changes, reduces the number of vasa vasorum develop in the media and adventitia. These vessels become tortuous, sclerosed and occluded (18,19). Thus, we can suggest that CD34+ cells, mainly in the media, most likely are not endothelial cells and of a different nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%