Morphological, physiological, cytological and phytochemical studies in diploid and colchicine-induced tetraploid plants of Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn

Abstract

BackgroundTartary buckwheat are very popular as an important functional food material and its cultivation is very widespread in our whole world, but there obviously lack works in the researches of genetic breeding for agricultural and medicinal utilization. The aim of this study is to obtain good germplasm resources for agricultural and medicinal use of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) by inducing the tetraploid plants.ResultsFour cultivars of F. tataricum, that is, Qianwei 2#, Jinku 2#, Chuanqiao 1#, and Liuqiao 1# were selected to experiment. The tips of seedlings with two true leaves were treated by 0.25% (w/v) colchicine solution for 48, 72, and 96 h, respectively. The chromosome number of treated plants was determined by metaphase chromosome counting of root tip cells and PMCs (pollen mother cells) meiosis observation. Tetraploid induction successfully occurred in all three treatments with an efficiency ranging from 12.13 to 54.55%. The chromosome number of the diploid plants was 2n = 2x = 16, and that of the induced tetraploid plants was 2n = 4x = 32. The typical morphological and physiological qualities were compared between the control diploid and corresponding induced tetraploid plants. Results showed that the induced tetraploid plants had obviously larger leaves, flowers, and seeds. Moreover, the content of seed protein and flavonoid were also increased in the tetraploid plants. The pollen diameter and capsule size of diploid plants were significantly smaller than those of tetraploid plants.Conclusion Fagopyrum tataricum can be effectively induced into tetraploids by colchicines. The tetraploid induction can produce valuable germplasm resources for breeding and is a practicable breeding way in F. tataricum.

Improvement of growth and bacoside production in Bacopa monnieri through induced autotetraploidy with colchicine

“…1A). Increasing concentrations and exposure times of colchicine have been shown to inhibit growth and shoot regeneration of explants (Javadian et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2017a). Moreover, higher concentrations of colchicine with longer exposure times can be toxic to plants leading to tissue abnormalities (Megbo, 2010) and dead (Mondin et al, 2018).…”

“…These results indicated that colchicine treatment induced phenotypic changes in the regenerated brahmi. Several published studies have reported that colchicine-induced wide morphological variations such as leaf arrangement and size in Platycodon grandiflorus (Wu et al, 2011) and Hebe (Gallone et al, 2014), stomatal size in Pogostemon cablin (Yan et al, 2016) and cassava (Mondin et al, 2018), and leaf, flower, and seed size in Fagopyrum tataricum (Wang et al, 2017a).…”

“…Furthermore, a recent study reported that colchicine affected numerous genes related to the spindle, the chromosomal kinetochore, vesicles, cellulose and the processes of cytoplasm movement, chromatid segregation, as well as membrane and cell wall development (Zhou et al, 2017). For this reason, colchicine is a highly potent antimitotic agent which has been successfully used for inducing polyploidy in many plant species (Pour et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2017a; Mondin et al, 2018).…”

“…The reasons of this were possible that colchicine-side and double-gene-dosage effects, that might either increase or decrease biomass and metabolite production of polyploids (Javadian et al, 2017; Salma et al, 2018). In some cases, polyploids were much more effective in superior vegetative-tissue shapes and sizes than diploids, which may be the reason for an increase in biomass yields (Wang et al, 2017a). Another reason for this was that colchicine might have induced morphological variations such as leaf and stem thickness, causing enhanced fresh weight and dry weight (Niu et al, 2016).…”

“…One technique to solve this limitation involves creating new sustainable varieties of brahmi through polyploidization using colchicine treatment because it is a rapid, cost-effective, efficient and safe method (Sattler et al, 2016). Moreover, previous studies have reported that tetraploid plants exhibit increased heterosis (hybrid vigor) such as increased oil content in Ocimum basilicum (Omidbaigi et al, 2010), wider and thicker leaves in Fagopyrum tataricum (Wang et al, 2017a), and increased root size in Echinacea purpurea (Chen et al, 2016). Previous studies have shown that the brahmi polyploids have been improved by enlarging the flower size (Escandón et al, 2006) and the shoot (Sangeetha & Ganesh, 2011), this is possible that the biomass and bacoside yield could be improved by polyploidization.…”