Morphological Priming, Fragment Completion, and Connectionist Networks

Rueckl, Jay G.; Mikolinski, Michelle; Raveh, Michal; Miner, Caroline S.; Mars, Frank

doi:10.1006/jmla.1996.2489

Cited by 153 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In a connectionist account of derivational morphology, however, the regularities that are of interest exist in the mapping from form to meaning (see Plaut & Gonnerman, this issue;Rueckl, Mikolinski, Raveh, Miner & Mars, 1997). Although this form-meaning mapping is predominantly arbitrary, semantically transparent derived words form islands of regularity, since the meaning of a stem such as ''dark'' is preserved in derivationally related words such as ''darkness'' or ''darkly''.…”

Section: The Connectionist Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If morphological priming effects arise through these overlapping internal representations (see Plaut & Gonnerman, this issue;Rueckl et al, 1997), one might expect equivalent priming effects for pairs of words which share a corresponding degree of semantic and orthographic overlap, such as the screech-SCREAM pairs used in Experiment 2. It might then be argued that the clear failure to nd priming for those types of items in the presence of priming for derivationally related items poses a challenge to the connectionist approach.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, current connectionist simulations of phenomena in the processing of derivational morphology (see for instance, Rueckl et al, 1997;Plaut & Gonnerman, this issue) are limited in both the number and type of morphologically related forms that can be processed. Until more sophisticated models are implemented which can accurately capture the statistical structure of the language, connectionism can represent only an approach to morphology.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Morphological and semantic effects in visual word recognition: A time-course study

Rastle

Davis

Marslen–Wilson

et al. 2000

Language and Cognitive Processes

431

492

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Some theories of visual word recognition postulate that there is a level of processing or representation at which morphemes are treated differently from whole words. Support for these theories has been derived from priming experiments in which the recognition of a target word is facilitated by the prior presentation of a morphologicallyrelated prime (departure-DEPART). In English, such facilitation could be due to morphological relatedness, or to some combination of the orthographic and semantic relatedness characteristic of derivationally related words. We report two sets of visual priming experiments in which the morphological, semantic, and orthographic relationships between primes and targets are varied in three SOA conditions (43 ms, 72 ms, and 230 ms). Results showed that morphological structure plays a signi cant role in the early visual recognition of English words that is independent of both semantic and orthographic relatedness. Findings are discussed in terms of current approaches to morphological processing.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Kathleen Rastle,

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Section: The Connectionist Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Morphological and semantic effects in visual word recognition: A time-course study

Rastle

Davis

Marslen–Wilson

et al. 2000

Language and Cognitive Processes

431

492

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“…Irrespective of how morphological decomposition is conceptualized, there has been relative agreement that morphologically complex words share representations with their stems only in cases in which there is a semantic relationship between them (MarslenWilson et al, 1994; see also Davis et al, 2003;Giraudo & Grainger, 2000;Plaut & Gonnerman, 2000;Rueckl & Raveh, 1999;Rueckl et al, 1997). For example, all these theories of morphological processing would take the view that representations of darkness and dark overlap to a much greater degree than the representations of witness and wit (which are etymologically related, but are no longer semantically related) or corner and corn (which are not semantically or, despite appearances, etymologically related).…”

Section: Morphological Analysis In the Absence Of Semantics?mentioning

confidence: 99%

ERP Evidence of Morphological Analysis from Orthography: A Masked Priming Study

Lavric

Clapp

Rastle

2007

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

136

128

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There is broad consensus that the visual word recognition system is sensitive to morphological structure (e.g., “hunter” = “hunt” + “er”). Moreover, it has been assumed that the analysis of morphologically complex words (e.g., “hunter”) occurs only if the meaning of the complex form can be derived from the meanings of its constituents (e.g., “hunt” and “er”). However, recent behavioral work using masked priming has suggested that morphological analysis can occur at an early, orthographic level, with little influence from semantics. The present investigation examined the neurophysiological correlates of masked priming in conditions of a genuine morphological relationship (e.g., “hunter”-“HUNT”), an apparent morphological relationship (“corner”-“CORN”), and no morphological relationship (“brothel”-“BROTH”). Neural priming was indexed by the reduction of the N400 ERP component associated with targets preceded by related primes, as compared to targets preceded by unrelated primes. The mere appearance of morphological structure (“corner”-“CORN”) resulted in robust behavioral and neural priming, whose magnitude was similar to that observed in pairs with genuine morphological relationship and greater than that in the nonmorphological pairs. The results support a purely structural morphemic segmentation procedure operating in the early stages of visual word perception.

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“…The PDP approach thus argues that there is no level of explicit and discrete representation that corresponds to morphological units. Rather, groups of intermediate or ''hidden'' units learn to mediate between phonology and semantics or orthography and semantics (e.g., Plaut & Gonnerman, 2000;Rueckl, Mikolinski, Raveh, Miner, & Mars, 1997;Seidenberg, 1987). Morphological effects, on this view, reflect a finetuning of the system to the statistical structure that exists among the phonological, orthographic, and semantic properties of words (see Plaut & Gonnerman, 2000, for a discussion).…”

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confidence: 99%

The processing of root morphemes in Hebrew: Contrasting localist and distributed accounts

Velan

Frost

Deutsch

et al. 2005

Language and Cognitive Processes

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The present paper investigates whether Semitic languages impose a rigid triconsonantal structural principle on root-morpheme representation, by examining morphological priming effects obtained with primes consisting of weak roots. For weak roots, the complete three-consonantal structure is not kept in most of their derivations, and only two letters are consistently repeated in all derivations. In a series of masked priming experiments subjects were presented with primes consisting of the weak roots letters which are repeated in all derivations. The results showed that the two consistent letters of weak roots facilitated the recognition of targets derived from these roots. In contrast, any two letters of complete roots did not facilitate the recognition of complete root derivations. The implications of these results to Parallel-Distributed models and to localist-representational approaches, are discussed.Although lexical structure is traditionally regarded as an interplay of orthographic, phonological, and semantic units, the view that morphological considerations need to be introduced into any model of the mental lexicon has been gaining increasing support. How morphological factors determine lexical organisation is, however, the focus of recent debates. Two contrasting approaches can be outlined to describe the present controversy. The Parallel-Distributed Processing (PDP) view of lexical Correspondence should be addressed to Ram Frost,

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Morphological Priming, Fragment Completion, and Connectionist Networks

Cited by 153 publications

References 5 publications

Morphological and semantic effects in visual word recognition: A time-course study

Morphological and semantic effects in visual word recognition: A time-course study

ERP Evidence of Morphological Analysis from Orthography: A Masked Priming Study

The processing of root morphemes in Hebrew: Contrasting localist and distributed accounts

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