Morphological Redescriptions of Three Condylostoma Ciliates (Heterotrichida: Condylostomatidae) New to Korea

Abstract

Heterotrichous ciliates were isolated from marine and brackish habitats in Korea, and their morphology, infraciliature and morphometrical characters were investigated using silver impregnated methods. These three Condylostoma species were identified as Condylostoma curva Burkovsky, 1970, C. minutum Bullington, 1940 and C. spatiosum Ozaki and Yagiu in Yagiu, 1944. The species of Condylostoma based on morphology are highly variable in most of characters and distinguished as following. Condylostoma curva is oval to elongate ellipsoidal, size about 245×100 μm in vivo, and conspicuously dark greenish brown with cortical granules on their surface, buccal cavity relatively large about 40% of body length, 5-11 macronuclear nodules, 4-8 frontal cirri serially arranged and 22-38 somatic kineties. Condylostoma minutum is elongate ellipsoidal and the size about 310×55 μm in vivo, buccal field about 35% of body length, 12-20 macronuclear nodules, adoral zone consisted of 82-107 membranelles, large and long one frontal cirrus and 38-44 somatic kineties. Condylostoma spatiosum is large elongate ellipsoidal, size about 670×105 μm in vivo, buccal cavity about 25% of body length, 11-25 macronuclear nodules, 111-144 adoral membranelles, membrane-like 2 frontal cirri, 49-74 somatic kineties. These three Condylostoma species are described here for the first time in Korea

Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of Condylostoma arenarium Spiegel, 1926 (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) from Guanabara Bay, Brazil

“…, Kim et al. ; Song et al. ) due to the plasticity of morphological characters used for Condylostoma spp.…”

“…; Dragesco ; Dragesco and Dragesco‐Kernéis ; Fauré‐Fremiet ; Kahl ; Kim et al. ; Petz et al. ; Shao et al.…”

“…Details on C. arenarium morphogenesis and infraciliature have not been described (Kim et al. ; Shao et al. ).…”

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three marine Condylostoma species from China, including two new ones (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea)

“…Condylostoma curvum was originally described by Burkovsky (1970) from samples collected from the White Sea, Russia, and redescribed by Song et al (2003), Chen et al (2011) and Kim et al (2012). The molecular information of the present population was described by Zhou et al (2010) as Condylostoma sp.2.…”

“…This is partly because many forms share very similar morphological features observed in vivo and relatively few characters can be reliably used for species separation ). In addition, most of the known species of Condylostoma have not been observed and described in sufficient detail and many characters overlap (e.g., number of macronuclear nodules and somatic kineties, body shape and size) (Chen et al 2007;Dragesco 1996;Kim et al 2012;Shao et al 2006;Song and Wilbert 2002;Song et al 2003). Furthermore, although molecular data are playing an increasingly important role in the taxonomy and systematics of ciliates, such data are available for relatively few species of Condylostoma (Guo et al 2008;Miao et al 2009;Schmidt et al 2007;Zhou et al 2010).…”