Morphological Stability of Poly(propylene) Nanocomposites

Reichert, Peter; Hoffmann, Bortho; Bock, Thorsten; Thomann, Ralf; Mülhaupt, Rolf; Friedrich, Christian

doi:10.1002/1521-3927(20010401)22:7<519::aid-marc519>3.0.co;2-w

Cited by 126 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Currently, there are three different main approaches to the preparation of PP-based PNCs: the solution process [5][6][7], in-situ polymerization [8 -10], and melt compounding [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In fact, melt compounding has proved to be an excellent technique because of its ease, versatility, and benign character, with respect to the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PP‐based nanocomposites with various intercalant types and intercalant coverages

Ton‐That

Tsai

2006

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this article, nanocomposites based on polypropylene containing montmorillonite, modified with two different intercalants (primary and quaternary amine), at three different coverage levels have been investigated. The specimens were prepared in a mini‐extruder machine with a counter‐rotating configuration. The effectiveness of intercalant type and clay coverage level on the dispersion was analyzed by different means, including X‐ray diffraction analysis, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The flexural performance of the specimens was also examined. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:1060–1068, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PP‐based nanocomposites with various intercalant types and intercalant coverages

Ton‐That

Tsai

2006

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…Reichert et al 105 observed that compounding PP þ PP-g-MA with FH-C 4 produced micro-composites, while with FH-C 18 yielded exfoliated PNCs. However, the morphology was also controlled by the compatibilizer and processing T, namely annealing the sample at 200 o C converted exfoliated PNC into a micro-composite.…”

Section: Polyolefin Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the morphology was also controlled by the compatibilizer and processing T, namely annealing the sample at 200 o C converted exfoliated PNC into a micro-composite. 105 The thermal and flammability behaviors of these systems were studied as well. 106 In comparison to the matrix behavior, the microcomposites did not show improvement of thermal stability.…”

Section: Polyolefin Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic, layered nanoparticles for polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs)

Utracki

Sepehr

Boccaleri

2007

Polymers for Advanced Techs

382

252

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Synthetic, layered nano-particles for polymeric nanocomposites (PNC's)Utracki, L. A.; Sepehr, M.; Boccaleri, E.Contact us / Contactez nous: nparc.cisti@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca.http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=fr L'accès à ce site Web et l'utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site Web page / page Web http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.852 http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=15774991&lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=15774991&lang=fr LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D'UTILISER CE SITE WEB. READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE.Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en This review discusses preparation and use of the synthetic layered nanoparticles in polymer matrices, i.e., in the polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs). Several types of synthetic or semi-synthetic layered materials are considered, namely the phyllosilicates (clays), silicic acid (magadiite), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), zirconium phosphates (ZrPs), and di-chalcogenides. The main advantage of synthetic clays is their chemical purity (e.g. absence of amorphous and gritty contaminants, as well as arsenic, iron, and other heavy metals), white to transparent color that assures reproducibly of brightly colored products, as well as a wide range of aspect ratios, p ¼ 20 to £6000. Several large scale production facilities have been established. The synthetic clay and LDH industries are oriented toward big volume markets: catalysis, foodstuff, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, toiletry, etc. The use of these materials in PNCs is limited to synthetic clays and LDHs, mainly for reinforcement, permeability control, reduction of flammability, and stabilization, e.g. during dehydrohalogenation of chlorinated macromolecules. The use of lamellar ZrPs and di-chalcogenides is at the laboratory stage of functional polymeric systems development, e.g. for electrically conductive materials, catalysts or support for catalysts, in photochemistry, molecular and chiral recognition, or in fuel cell technologies, etc. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.KEYWORDS: polymeric nanocomposites; nanoparticles; clay; layered double hydroxides; matrix POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES Polym. Adv. Technol. 2007; 18: 1-37 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/pat.852 AUTHORS' BIOGRAPHIESDr Leszek A. Utracki was born and educated (up to Habilitation) in Poland. After the post-doctoral stage at USC in Los Angeles with Robert Simha he settled in Canada. His passionate research interest has been within the field of thermodynamics, rheology and processing of multicomponent, multiphase polymeric systems. During the 55 years in the profession he has published several hundred articles, book chapters, books, patents, etc., which has placed him on the ISI li...

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“…The quaternary carbon (-C-), methoxy carbon (-OCH 3 -) and methylene carbon (-CH 2 -) gave characteristic peaks around 43 Preparation of organophilic MMT Na + -MMT is the most commonly used layered silicate because of its natural occurrence and beneficial properties (high cation exchange capacity, high surface area and large aspect ratio). 42 The structure of Na + -MMT is comprised of layers made up of one octahedral alumina sheet sandwiched between two tetrahedral silica sheets. About one in six of the aluminum ions in the octahedral layers of Na + -MMT is isomorphously substituted in the sheet structure by magnesium or other divalent ions; this results in negative charges that are in turn counterbalanced by Na + cations residing in the interlayer space.…”

Section: Characterization Of Graft Copolymermentioning

confidence: 99%

Exfoliated syndiotactic polystyrene-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate)/montmorillonite nanocomposite prepared by solvent blending

Jaymand

2011

Polym J

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This study aims to explore an effective route for the graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer onto syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) using free-radical polymerization, and the effects of an organophilic montmorillonite on the final properties of graft copolymer samples. For this purpose, the chlorine groups of a-phenyl-chloro-acetylated sPS were converted to 9-decen-1-oxy groups by a substitution nucleophilic reaction in the presence of a solvent composed of 9-decen-1-ol moiety, sodium hydride (NaH) and dry N,N-dimethylformamide. The vinyl-terminated sPS multicenter macromonomer (VsPSM) obtained was used in free-radical copolymerization with MMA monomer in a heterogeneous process to yield a graft copolymer (sPS-graftpoly(methyl methacrylate) (sPS-g-PMMA)). The structure of VsPSM and sPS-g-PMMA were determined by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thereafter, organophilic MMT was obtained after being treated with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride salt by an ion-exchange process. Finally, the sPS-g-PMMA/MMT nanocomposite was prepared by a solution intercalation method. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm nanocomposite formation. It was found that the addition of only a small amount of organoclay (3 wt%) was enough to improve the thermal stabilities and properties of the nanocomposite. Polymer Journal (2011) 43, 901-908; doi:10.1038/pj.2011.79; published online 7 September 2011Keywords: free-radical polymerization; graft copolymer; macromonomer; montmorillonite; nanocomposite; poly(methyl methacrylate); syndiotactic polystyrene INTRODUCTION Nanocomposites are defined as materials in which the particle size of the dispersed phase is in the nanometer range in at least one dimension. Organic-inorganic hybrids based on layered inorganic compounds, such as clays and organic polymers, have been studied because of their exceptional properties, such as increased modulus, strength, reduced gas permeability and enhanced thermal stability. [1][2][3][4][5] The dispersion of the silicate layers in the polymer matrix is improved by replacing the metal cations in the clay (such as sodium MMT; Na + -MMT) with ions bearing an aliphatic chain to compatibilize the silicate. This compatibilization enhances the silicate's interaction with the polymer by enlarging the interlayer, and the compatibilized clay is known as an organoclay. [6][7][8][9] Although complete compatibility between the long aliphatic chain of the organic modifier and the polymer matrix may be desirable for better dispersion of the clay, it appears that the modification of the clay by the introduction of surfactants to obtain better compatibility is less important than the modification of the polymer matrix by the introduction of polar groups. Polymers containing polar groups capable of associative interactions, such as Lewis acid/base interactions or hydrogen bonding, lead to intercalation of polymer chains in the silicate layers. To improve the polarizability or hy...

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Morphological Stability of Poly(propylene) Nanocomposites

Cited by 126 publications

References 9 publications

PP‐based nanocomposites with various intercalant types and intercalant coverages

PP‐based nanocomposites with various intercalant types and intercalant coverages

Synthetic, layered nanoparticles for polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs)

Exfoliated syndiotactic polystyrene-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate)/montmorillonite nanocomposite prepared by solvent blending

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