Morphological Structure of the Infraorbital Canal Using Three-Dimensional Reconstruction

Abstract

Our study aim was to evaluate the initial position accurately and the direction of infraorbital canal approximately by analyzing the parameters of infraorbital canal. This study was based on 64-slice computed tomographic multiple planar reconstruction technique and can improve the success rate of infraorbital nerve blockade. The following observations and measurements were carried out in 224 normal infraorbital canals (112 people): the length, angle, and adjoined relations of initial infraorbital canal, to reveal the anatomic characteristics of the canals and to compare the difference between left and right or male and female. Six indicators were measured: (1) the length of initial infraorbital canal; (2) the distance between skin and the first obvious turn of infraorbital canal along the direction of initial infraorbital canal (the depth of puncture); (3) the vertical distance between infraorbital canal and nasal septum; (4) the vertical distance between infraorbital canal and infraorbital rim; (5) the angle between the infraorbital canal and the Frankfort plane; and (6) the angle between the infraorbital canal and the sagittal plane. The difference was statistically significant between 2 sides on the depth of puncture. For other values, the differences between left and right and between women and men were of no statistical significance.

Surgical anatomy and variations of the infraorbital nerve

“…Prior studies using dried skulls or cadaver skulls estimated the distances to be slightly less, between 6.1 ± 2.4 mm and 8.3 ± 1.9 mm, possibly due to differences in measurement techniques and volume averaging by CT imaging . In studies that looked at gender and side, using either CT imaging or cadaver skulls, no significant difference was seen either when comparing between right and left or male and female . We could find no prior study in the literature that discussed increase in the vertical distance between the infraorbital rim and the IOF based on the course of the nerve.…”

“…Although the distance to a superior based landmark is not exactly the same perspective as one would need to consider for a sublabial approach, surgeons tend to palpate the inferior orbital rim while doing a Caldwell Luc procedure or infraorbital block. This measurement has been used in multiple prior studies, although never in the setting of a nerve descended within the maxillary sinus . We also measured the horizontal distance from the center of the IOF to a line drawn through the center of the canine root and found that the IOF in all of our subjects was lateral to the canine root.…”

“…The overall mean of the maximum vertical distance between the infraorbital rim and the IOF was 9.32 ± 2.30 mm, which is in keeping with the surgical literature that analyzed CT scans. A prior study using CT imaging estimated the distance at 9.04 ± 1.52 mm on the left and 9.26 ± 1.68 mm on the right . Prior studies using dried skulls or cadaver skulls estimated the distances to be slightly less, between 6.1 ± 2.4 mm and 8.3 ± 1.9 mm, possibly due to differences in measurement techniques and volume averaging by CT imaging .…”

Estudo dos canais alveolares superiores e do canal infra-orbital por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico

“…A localização da anastomose intra-óssea variou de paciente para paciente Estudos em crânios são limitados na avaliação do comprimento e tamanho do CI dentro das estruturas ósseas, pois é difícil medir os ângulos das estruturas em relação às linhas imaginárias sobre os crânios (CHUNG et al, 1995;KAZKAYASI et al, 2001;GUPTA, 2008;RAHMAN et al, 2009;BOOPATHI et al, 2010 (KAZKAYASI et al, 2001;ELIAS, 2004;CHRCANOVIC;ABREU;CUSTÓDIO, 2011;XU et al, 2012;HWANG et al, 2013a) para localização do FI, podendo outras referências serem utilizadas, como rebordo lateral da órbita, cúspides do segundo pré-molar (RASCHKE; HAZANI;…”

“…YAREMCHUK, 2013), forame supra-orbital, linha média facial e espinha nasal anterior (XU et al, 2012;HWANG et al, 2013a;2013b). No presente estudo, a média encontrada para a distância do forame ao RIO foi de 7,52 (3,06 -14,13) mm.…”