Morphological Structures and Self-Cleaning Properties of Nano-TiO2 Coated Cotton Yarn at Different Washing Cycles

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has an extraordinary photocatalytic activity and it effectively provides self-cleaning properties for cotton products. With the presence of succinic acid, it helps the adherence of the TiO2 nanoparticles on cotton surfaces. However, the ability of succinic acid to keep the TiO2 adhered on cotton after washing is not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of washing cycles on nano-TiO2 coated cotton yarn with the aid of succinic acid on the morphological structures and self-cleaning properties. In this study, the nano-TiO2 was synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The cotton yarn was coated with succinic acid and was later dipped in a nano-TiO2 nanoparticles suspension. The nano-TiO2 coated yarn samples then underwent the 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th wash cycles and were tested for morphological structures and self-cleaning. The self-cleaning properties of the nano-TiO2 coated yarn were determined using the depth of colour stain. The depth of the colour stain was presented as K/S value, where K and S are corresponded to the absorption and scattering coefficients of the stained fabric, respectively. From the analysis, our synthesized nano-TiO2 had a size of 20–50 nm range with a band gap of 3.06 eV. After coating, the nano-TiO2 coated cotton yarn changed in its morphological structure at 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th wash cycles, respectively. At the 20th wash cycle, the weight (%) of the Ti element continued to decrease up to 4.45%, reducing the photocatalytic activity with the K/S value close to the stained yarn, which was about 0.4. The 5th wash cycle maintained a good photocatalytic activity with the K/S value of 0.06 near to the K/S value of the unstained cotton yarn. The presence of succinic acid in the nano-TiO2 coated cotton yarn provided good self-cleaning properties up to the 15th wash cycle. By undertaking this study, an enhanced cotton property has been developed that will benefit the textile and clothing industry. This nano-TiO2 coated cotton the has potential to be used for daily apparel and sportwear.

Superhydrophobic Al2O3/MMT-PDMS Coated Fabric for Self-Cleaning and Oil–Water Separation Application

“…The random dispersion of the nanocomposite in addition to the formation of clusters and agglomerated particles over the smooth fibers provided hierarchical (nano- and microscale) roughness as an imperative factor in making a superhydrophobic surface. The surface morphology of the Al 2 O 3 /MMT nanocomposite coated cotton showed a good compatibility with previous studies, including TiO 2 /spacer succinate films grafted onto nylon, SiO 2 -aerogel/polyurethane coated fabric, AgBr-TiO 2 /OV-POSS coated fabric, TiO 2 /OV-POSS/PDMS coated fabric, and nano-TiO 2 coated cotton yarn . It is suggested that the presence of voids between the cotton fibers and within the incorporated particles plays a crucial role in the formation of the Cassie–Baxter model.…”

“…The surface morphology of the Al 2 O 3 /MMT nanocomposite coated cotton showed a good compatibility with previous studies, including TiO 2 /spacer succinate films grafted onto nylon, 62 SiO 2 -aerogel/polyurethane coated fabric, 63 AgBr-TiO 2 /OV-POSS coated fabric, 64 TiO 2 /OV-POSS/PDMS coated fabric, 21 and nano-TiO 2 coated cotton yarn. 65 It is suggested that the presence of voids between the cotton fibers and within the incorporated particles plays a crucial role in the formation of the Cassie–Baxter model. These voids result in the creation of air pockets within the grooves of the rough surface, preventing direct contact between the droplet and the surface.…”

“…The surface morphology of MMT, Al 2 O 3 /MMT nanocomposite, and pristine/coated fabric that refers to the visual appearance and structure of the materials' surface at a microscopic level, including the topography, texture, and features present on the surface as well as fiber size, were evaluated with different magnifications using SEM micrographs, and the results are shown in Figures 5a−i Images with varying magnifications (ranging from 50 to 500 previous studies, including TiO 2 /spacer succinate films grafted onto nylon, 62 SiO 2 -aerogel/polyurethane coated fabric, 63 AgBr-TiO 2 /OV-POSS coated fabric, 64 TiO 2 /OV-POSS/PDMS coated fabric, 21 and nano-TiO 2 coated cotton yarn. 65 It is suggested that the presence of voids between the cotton fibers and within the incorporated particles plays a crucial role in the formation of the Cassie−Baxter model. These voids result in the creation of air pockets within the grooves of the rough surface, preventing direct contact between the droplet and the surface.…”

Breathable Films with Self-Cleaning and Antibacterial Surfaces Based on TiO2-Functionalized PET Membranes

“…The effect of self-cleaning surfaces created with functional coatings can be used in a wide range of applications, from household paints to the functional coatings of microelectronics for space applications [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Due to their low costs, well-adapted production technology, physical and chemical high stability, and low toxicity, TiO 2 and ZnO are the most common additives used for self-cleaning and antibacterial surfaces [ 4 , 5 ]. Titanium-dioxide-based structures are widely used as sorbents and catalysts.…”