Morphological Study of Achilles Tendon

Abstract

Background:The calcaneal tendon is the thickest and strongest tendon in the human body which is attached to the midpoint of the posterior surface of calcaneum. It is a frequent site of rupture, degenerative changes and inflammation.Aim: To study the anatomical and morphological details of attachment of Achilles tendon. Materials and Methods:The study was carried out on 70 adult cadaveric lower limbs in two Medical colleges. Various linear measurements were taken with the help of digital vernier caliper, accurate up to 0.01 mm.Results: Presence of Achilles tendon in all cadaveric limbs was observed in the present study. Bursa between the tendon at insertion and calcaneus was seen in all specimens. Length of tendon of gastrocnemius was observed to vary between 16.5 cm to 29.5 cm. The width at musculotendinous junction with gastrocnemius was observed to vary between 3.42 cm to 6.84 cm. Other measurements taken were minimum width, thickness at insertion, length of gastrocnemius aponeurosis medially and laterally. Conclusion:In the present study, variations in the morphology of Gastrocnemius were observed. Understanding these variations of the gastrocnemius tendon and aponeurosis will aid the surgeon in performing surgical procedures such as pedicle tendon flap for reconstructive surgery and arthroplasty, Endoscopic Gastrocnemius Recession (EGR), on the Achilles tendon and prevent iatrogenic complications. It is also useful to the Anatomists as it will help them integrate in their teaching the variations and thus better prepare the students for their clinical tenures/work/future.