Morphological traits in keel flowers of Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) and their relationships with the pollination mechanisms

Alemán, María M.; Hoc, Patricia Susana; Etcheverry, Ángela Virginia; Ortega–Baes, Pablo; Sühring, Silvia; López-Spahr, Diego

doi:10.1007/s00606-022-01826-y

Cited by 2 publications

References 40 publications

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Effects of flowering period on floral traits, pollinator behavior and seed production of David’s mountain laurel ( Sophora davidii )

Pan,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Sophora davidii is a cross-pollinated plant with important ecological protection and medicinal value in China, but its seed yield is low due to backward and nonstandard production technology. Therefore, we divide the flowering period of Sophora davidii into initial, full and final flowering period, measuring the floral morphology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, nectar volume and nectar concentration, foraging behavior of pollinators, fertilization physiology, seed yield and quality through field observation and indoor testing to explore whether the flowering period affects the floral traits, pollinator behavior and seed production of plants. Our results revealed that the nectar volume, nectar concentration, pollen viability and stigma receptivity at full flowering period were the highest. The single visit time and visit time per flower of Chinese honey bees were the longest in the full flowering period, while the number of transfer, visit frequency and number of touching stigma were the least. The visiting number of the bees was the most and the most active in the full flowering period. The bees pollination not only improved the pollen amount, germination rate, pollen tube length and the ovule number of S. davidii , but also their effect was the most obvious in full flowering period. The principal component analysis showed that pollination by Chinese honey bees during the whole flowering period of S. davidii was the best way to produce seeds. We can conclude that flowering period affects flower traits, foraging behavior of pollinators, seed yield and quality of S. davidii .

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Effects of flowering period on floral traits, pollinator behavior and seed production of David’s mountain laurel ( Sophora davidii )

Pan,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Possible Multiple Origins of Some Important Characteristics of the Keel (Papilionate) Flowers Within Fabales

Uluer

2024

Preprint

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Keel flowers are bilaterally symmetrical, pentamerous flowers with the reproductive organs enclosed by keel petals. Within Fabales, keel flowers are dominant in two species-rich lineages, tribe Polygaleae (Polygalaceae) and subfamily Fabaceae (Papilionoideae); however, independent events are also observed, such as in the genus Cercis. Before phylogenetic advancements were available (i.e., in contrast to more recent studies), most of the studies hypothesized a non-keeled origin for the Faboideae, although a detailed investigation has never been carried out. In this study, using the results of Aygoren Uluer et al. (2020, 2022a), the origin of some important morphological characters of the keel flower are examined, namely floral symmetry, perianth heteromorphism (i.e., three distinct petal/+sepal types), and the presence of enclosed reproductive organs. These characters are analysed within the Fabales using three different ancestral state analyses based on a phylogeny constructed for 678 taxa using published matK, rbcL and trnL plastid gene regions. The analyses show that symmetry probably originated in the (Fabaceae+Polygalaceae) clade, while the enclosed reproductive organs and three-types of petals appear to have evolved independently multiple times. Interestingly, not only the enclosed reproductive organs but also petal heteromorphism probably did not evolve in the MRCA of the Faboideae, but rather in a very early stage of the evolution of the subfamily. While future homology assessments and/or evolutionary developmental genetic (evo-devo) studies will be required to more clearly elucidate the evolutionary processes, the current study is the first attempt to investigate the origin of some important characteristics of keel flowers within order Fabales.

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Morphological traits in keel flowers of Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) and their relationships with the pollination mechanisms

Cited by 2 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of flowering period on floral traits, pollinator behavior and seed production of David’s mountain laurel ( Sophora davidii )

Effects of flowering period on floral traits, pollinator behavior and seed production of David’s mountain laurel ( Sophora davidii )

Possible Multiple Origins of Some Important Characteristics of the Keel (Papilionate) Flowers Within Fabales

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