Morphological variations of the <i>Solidago virgaurea</i> L. complex along an elevational gradient on Mt Norikura, central Japan

Takahashi, Koichi; Matsuki, Satomi

doi:10.1111/1442-1984.12148

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…In the second growing season of the common garden experiment, the stem height and the above‐ground biomass decreased with an increase in elevation of provenance sites. These variation patterns corresponded to those observed in the field (Takahashi & Matsuki, ) because of resource limitation due to severe environmental conditions, that is, short growing season, prolonged snow cover, strong wind, and shallow soil (Clausen et al., ; Körner, ; Mizuno, ; Natori, ; Takahashi & Yoshida, ). The proportion of below‐ground biomass in the total biomass increased with elevation of provenance sites.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…A regression line is not shown in the graph (c) because of no statistical significance (p > .05) chlorophyll concentrations increased with increasing elevation of provenance sites. These observed patterns corresponded to those related to populations of the S. virgaurea complex along an elevational gradient in the field (Takahashi & Matsuki, 2017;our unpublished data). Leaf nitrogen concentration positively correlates with the lightsaturated maximum photosynthetic rate (Reich, Walters, Ellsworth, & Uhl, 1994).…”

Section: Ecological Interpretation Of Phenotypic Variation In the Csupporting

confidence: 76%

“…However, the number of pollinators decreases at higher elevations with cooler conditions (Blionis, Halley, & Vokou, ; Maad, Armbruster, & Fenster, ). Size of flower heads of the S. virgaurea complex is larger in higher elevations (Nishizawa et al., ; Takahashi & Matsuki, ). Large flower heads may increase the reproductive success by increasing the chance to attract pollinators (Brody & Mitchell, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies reported phenotypic variation of the S. virgaurea complex along elevational gradients. For example, plant height, leaf mass per area (LMA), and number of flower heads per plant decrease with increasing elevation, while leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations, diameter of involucres and number of florets per flower head increase with elevation (Nishizawa, Kinoshita, Yakura, & Shimizu, 2001;Sakurai & Takahashi, 2017;Takahashi & Matsuki, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic differentiation of the Solidago virgaurea complex along an elevational gradient: Insights from a common garden experiment and population genetics

Hirano

Sakaguchi

Takahashi

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Plant species distributed along wide elevational or latitudinal gradients show phenotypic variation due to their heterogeneous habitats. This study investigated whether phenotypic variation in populations of the Solidago virgaurea complex along an elevational gradient is caused by genetic differentiation. A common garden experiment was based on seeds collected from nine populations of the S. virgaurea complex growing at elevations from 1,597 m to 2,779 m a.s.l. on Mt. Norikura in central Japan. Population genetic analyses with microsatellite markers were used to infer the genetic structure and levels of gene flow between populations. Leaf mass per area was lower, while leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations were greater for higher elevations at which seeds were originally collected. For reproductive traits, plants derived from higher elevations had larger flower heads on shorter stems and flowering started earlier. These elevational changes in morphology were consistent with the clines in the field, indicating that phenotypic variation along the elevational gradient would have been caused by genetic differentiation. However, population genetic analysis using 16 microsatellite loci suggested an extremely low level of genetic differentiation of neutral genes among the nine populations. Analysis of molecular variance also indicated that most genetic variation was partitioned into individuals within a population, and the genetic differentiation among the populations was not significant. This study suggests that genome regions responsible for adaptive traits may differ among the populations despite the existence of gene flow and that phenotypic variation of the S. virgaurea complex along the elevational gradient is maintained by strong selection pressure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Ecological Interpretation Of Phenotypic Variation In the Csupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic differentiation of the Solidago virgaurea complex along an elevational gradient: Insights from a common garden experiment and population genetics

Hirano

Sakaguchi

Takahashi

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Therefore, the elevational gradient has been considered as the most important factor in studies on phenotypic variation of plant species in mountains (e.g. Stöcklin et al 2009;Št'astná et al 2012;Kim and Donohue 2013;Scheepens and Stöcklin 2013;Gugger et al 2015;Hamann et al 2016;Stöcklin and Armbruster 2016;Sakurai and Takahashi 2016;Takahashi and Matsuki 2016). Plants can respond to elevational changes based on their morphological and physiological plasticity and through local adaptations (Hirano et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of vegetative and floral traits in the alpine plant Solidago minuta: evidence for local optimum along an elevational gradient

Kiełtyk

2017

Alp Botany

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Alpine plants growing along wide elevational gradients experience very different abiotic and biotic conditions across elevations. As a result of genetic differentiation and/or plastic response, conspecific plants growing in high elevations, as compared to low elevations, generally have shorter stems and lower number of flowers, but larger flower size. However, most often, detailed models of elevational variations were not examined. To reveal the pattern of elevational changes in a set of fitnessrelated morphological traits, tests of linear and unimodal models were performed based on measurements of 1047 Solidago minuta plants collected from 47 sites distributed along a 1000 m elevational gradient in the Tatra Mountains. Nearly all of the investigated floral traits, i.e. inflorescence and flower heads size, and number and size of individual flowers, expressed unimodal relationships with elevation having their maxima in the centre of the elevation range. This pattern suggests the existence of a local optimum with respect to sexual reproduction at the centre of the elevational range. Possible explanations of observed elevational variations are discussed in the context of pollinator selection and the 'resource-cost compromise' hypothesis. Best floral performance in the centre of the elevational range of S. minuta may also support the idea that the favourability of habitat conditions declines from the centre to the margin of the distribution, and species are expected to be more abundant, increase reproduction and perform better in the centre of the range.

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The contribution of carbon budget to masting intervals in Veratrum album populations inhabiting different elevations

Ito,

Kudo

2024

American J of Botany

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PremiseMast flowering/seeding is often more extreme in lower‐resource environments, such as alpine compared to lowland habitats. We studied a masting herb that had less extreme masting at higher elevations, and tested if this difference could be explained by higher photosynthetic productivity and/or lower reproductive investment at the higher‐elevation sites.MethodsWe examined the relationship between flowering intervals and carbon budget (i.e., the balance between reproductive investment and annual carbon fixation) in a masting herb, Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum, across five lowland and six alpine populations in northern Japan. We evaluated the previous flowering histories of individual plants based on rhizome morphology and analyzed the masting patterns of individual populations. Total mass of the reproductive organs, as a proxy of reproductive investment, was compared between the lowland and alpine populations. Annual carbon fixation was estimated on the basis of photosynthetic capacity, total leaf area per plant, and seasonal transition of light availability.ResultsInterval between high‐flowering years was shorter and total reproductive investment was smaller in the alpine than in the lowland populations. Owing to its high photosynthetic capacity and continuous bright conditions, annual carbon fixation per plant was 1.5 times greater in alpine habitat than in lowland habitat. These results suggest that V. album alpine populations have shorter flowering intervals than lowland populations due to faster recovery from energy loss after reproduction.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that masting intervals in V. album populations can be explained by habitat‐specific carbon budget balances.

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Morphological variations of the Solidago virgaurea L. complex along an elevational gradient on Mt Norikura, central Japan

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Phenotypic differentiation of the Solidago virgaurea complex along an elevational gradient: Insights from a common garden experiment and population genetics

Phenotypic differentiation of the Solidago virgaurea complex along an elevational gradient: Insights from a common garden experiment and population genetics

Variation of vegetative and floral traits in the alpine plant Solidago minuta: evidence for local optimum along an elevational gradient

The contribution of carbon budget to masting intervals in Veratrum album populations inhabiting different elevations

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