Morphology and distribution of the minute tubercles on the skin surface of larvae in the Korean endemic bitterling, <i>Acheilognathus somjinensis</i> (pisces, cyprinidae), with its larval growth

Park, Jong Young; Oh, Min-Ki; Kim, Chi-Hong; Eon-Jong, Kang; Beon, Mu‐Sup

doi:10.1080/19768354.2008.9647185

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The minute tubercles occur only in larvae with no swimming ability; when the fins (and consequently, the larvae's swimming ability) start to develop, the minute tubercles are abruptly reduced (Table 1, Figures 3 and 4). The minute tubercles in Acheilognathus and Tanakia bitterlings, which do not have a wing-like projection, develop most intensively in the foremost part of the head, and the form of yolk projection is scaly or hilly, different from that of Rhodeus bitterlings (Fukuhara, Nagata, & Maekawa, 1982;Park et al, 2008;Suzuki & Jeon, 1987, 1988a, 1988c, 1988d, 1989, 1990. The development of larger and sharper minute tubercles in Acheilognathus and Tanakia larvae compared with those of Rhodeus larvae (20-40 µm versus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minute tubercles in bitterling larvae: Developmental dynamic structures to prevent premature ejection by host mussels

Kim

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minute tubercles are common in all developmental stages of bitterlings, although the larval morphology is diverse. Previous studies have reported that the minute tubercles are mainly developed in the frontal part of the larvae and on the eyes and a wing-like projection Park, Oh, Kim, Kang, & Beon, 2008;Suzuki & Jeon, 1988a;).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Minute tubercles in bitterling larvae: Developmental dynamic structures to prevent premature ejection by host mussels

Kim

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Minute tubercles are commonly found in all embryonic development stages, but with different morphologies. Minute tubercles develop in the anterior part of the head near the eyes of the embryos, appearing like wing‐like projections (Suzuki & Jeon, 1988a, 1988b, 1988c, 1988d, 1989, 1990; Kim et al ., 2008; Park et al ., 2008; Kim, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the height of minute tubercles on the skin of Korean bitterling embryos (Acheilognathus signifer) and embryo movement in the host mussels

KIM

Kim

Park

et al. 2022

Journal of Fish Biology

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Bitterlings are freshwater fish that have developed morphological adaptations to improve the survival of their embryos in host mussels. The most well‐known adaptation is the development of minute tubercles, which develop in the early embryonic stage when the embryos have poor swimming ability, and disappear when the embryos reach the free‐swimming stage and leave the host mussels. In this study, the embryonic developmental stages of Acheilognathus signifer were analysed to elucidate the relationship between the changes in the height of the minute tubercles and their movement. The height changes in the minute tubercles in the embryos can be divided into five stages, i.e., formation, growth, peak, reduction and disappearance. The authors found that the embryos lived in the gill demibranch of the host mussel until day 6 after hatching. The movement of embryos to the suprabranchial cavity in the gill demibranch was firstly observed on day 7. At this point, the embryos showed a heartbeat and movement. From day 13, the minute tubercles had almost disappeared, and the hatchlings started swimming outside the host mussels from day 16. These observations highlight the different adaptations of minute tubercles among bitterling groups without wing‐like projections.

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“…The minute tubercles occur only in larvae with no swimming ability; when fins (and consequently, the larvae's swimming ability) start to develop, the minute tubercles are abruptly reduced (Table 1; Figures 4, 5). The minute tubercles in Acheilognathus andTanakia bitterlings, which do not have a wing-like projection, develop most intensively in the foremost part of the head, and the form of the yolk projection is scaly or hilly, different from that ofRhodeus bitterlings (Fukuhara et al, 1982;Suzuki & Jeon, 1987, 1988a, 1988c, 1988d, 1989, 1990Park et al, 2008). The development of larger and sharper minute tubercles inAcheilognathus and Tanakia larvae compared to those ofRhodeus larvae (20-40 μm vs. 3-15 μm) is an adaptation strategy that also prevents premature ejection and allows larvae to tightly fit in the interlamellar space of the hosts' demibranchs Kitamura, 2006b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minute tubercles are common in all developmental stages of bitterlings, even though the larval morphology is diverse. Previous studies have reported that the minute tubercles are mainly developed in the frontal part of the larvae and on the eyes of larvae, forming a wing-like projection (Suzuki & Jeon, 1988a, 1988b, 1988c, 1988d, 1989, 1990Kim et al, 2008;Park et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First evidence of bitterling larvae's minute tubercles as an adaptation to prevent premature ejection by host mussels

Kim¹

Authorea

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1. Bitterlings are small freshwater fish that use long ovipositors to place eggs in host mussels and have morphological adaptations to increase larval survival. The most well-known adaptations are the minute tubercles on the skin surface of larvae, which are developed in early-stage larvae with weak swimming ability and disappear in free-swimming larvae before they leave the host mussel. 2. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis of the developmental stages of Rhodeus pseudosericeus larvae, their morphological and physiological characteristics, their migration inside mussels, and the development of minute tubercle are presented as direct evidence of the morphological function of the minute tubercles. These tubercles began to develop 1 day after hatching (formation stage), grew for 2-5 days (growth stage), reached the peak height after 6-7 days (peak stage), abruptly reduced in height after 8-10 days (abrupt reduction stage), and went through a final gradual reduction (reduction stage) until completely disappearing 27 days after hatching (disappearance stage). 3. The larvae remained in the mussels' interlamellar space of the gill demibranchs until 10 days after hatching, and began to migrate to mussels' suprabranchial cavity 11 days after hatching. At this time, the larvae had clear components of heart rate and caudal fin began to develop. At 24 days after hatching, the minute tubercles had almost disappeared, and some individuals were observed swimming out of the mussels. 4. The experiment results herein presented prove that the minute tubercles are a first direct evidence that the bitterling larvae are morphologically adapted to prevent premature ejection from the mussel.

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Morphology and distribution of the minute tubercles on the skin surface of larvae in the Korean endemic bitterling, Acheilognathus somjinensis (pisces, cyprinidae), with its larval growth

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Minute tubercles in bitterling larvae: Developmental dynamic structures to prevent premature ejection by host mussels

Minute tubercles in bitterling larvae: Developmental dynamic structures to prevent premature ejection by host mussels

Changes in the height of minute tubercles on the skin of Korean bitterling embryos (Acheilognathus signifer) and embryo movement in the host mussels

First evidence of bitterling larvae's minute tubercles as an adaptation to prevent premature ejection by host mussels

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