“…As the AN groups present in the grafted poly(St-co-AN) are capable of hydrogen bonding with water molecules, they facilitate the spreading and wetting of a water drop on an NR surface. This would lead to a noticeable reduction in the water contact angle, as the AN content increases, enhancing the hygroscopic characteristic of NR (Safeeda Nv et al 2016 ). Fig.…”
This research aims to modify ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered natural rubber (UFPNR) prepared by emulsion graft-copolymerization with styrene (St) and acrylonitrile (AN) monomers onto deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR). The effects of monomers content and St/AN weight ratio on grafting efficiency and thermal stability of the developed DPNR-g-(PS-co-PAN) were investigated. The results showed that grafting efficiency was enhanced up to 86% with monomers content 15 phr and weight ratio St:AN 80:20. The obtained DPNR-g-(PS-co-PAN) was radiated by an electron beam at various doses, followed by a spray drying process to produce UFPNR. The obtained modified UFPNR particles irradiated at dose up to 300 kGy were relatively spherical with a particle size of approximately 4.4 µm. Furthermore, the degradation temperature of 5wt% loss (Td5) of UFPNR was found in the range of 349–356 °C. The results revealed that the modified UFPNR is suitable as a toughening filler for a broader spectrum of polymers.
Graphical Abstract
“…As the AN groups present in the grafted poly(St-co-AN) are capable of hydrogen bonding with water molecules, they facilitate the spreading and wetting of a water drop on an NR surface. This would lead to a noticeable reduction in the water contact angle, as the AN content increases, enhancing the hygroscopic characteristic of NR (Safeeda Nv et al 2016 ). Fig.…”
This research aims to modify ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered natural rubber (UFPNR) prepared by emulsion graft-copolymerization with styrene (St) and acrylonitrile (AN) monomers onto deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR). The effects of monomers content and St/AN weight ratio on grafting efficiency and thermal stability of the developed DPNR-g-(PS-co-PAN) were investigated. The results showed that grafting efficiency was enhanced up to 86% with monomers content 15 phr and weight ratio St:AN 80:20. The obtained DPNR-g-(PS-co-PAN) was radiated by an electron beam at various doses, followed by a spray drying process to produce UFPNR. The obtained modified UFPNR particles irradiated at dose up to 300 kGy were relatively spherical with a particle size of approximately 4.4 µm. Furthermore, the degradation temperature of 5wt% loss (Td5) of UFPNR was found in the range of 349–356 °C. The results revealed that the modified UFPNR is suitable as a toughening filler for a broader spectrum of polymers.
Graphical Abstract
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